More Gold Exposure

I brought my gold exposure back up to 10% of gross assets. But instead of investing in the PMGOLD ETF I invested in the L1 Gold Fund. This is a hedge fund invested mostly in gold mining stocks. I am lumping this in with gold metal as the price of gold is the main driver of gold mining stocks.

4% Rule Failure Rate

I have been discussing retirement planning with my brother who is two years younger than me. As a result of these discussions, I have added stochastic investment returns to my projection model as well as the Australian Age Pension (which is means tested) and I increased the planning horizon to 2060 from 2050. Moominmama would be 85 in 2060. Previously, I stress tested the projection by using very low constant rates of return.

Running my baseline spending scenario–linear growth in real spending with stepdowns of 1/6 after each child finishes university–it is very rare to run out of money by 2060. This is defined as negative net worth beside our house. In 100 runs there are no failures.

But if we spend according to the 4% rule, we run out of money by 2060 about 10% of the time, though rarely by 2050. This is using the monthly returns distribution over the last 30 years of the benchmark target portfolio as investment returns. In many more cases, real (2026 dollars) net worth is below AUD 1 million by 2060 and falling fast. If I use our own historical returns–which were very bad before 2012–the failure rate is around 40%. With our returns and linear spending the failure rate is around 25%.  

This graph compares the target portfolio, our track record, Australian shares, the MSCI World Index, and gold:

Spending according to a 3% rule and the target portfolio returns has no failures in 100 runs, though a few near misses. 

So, we need to keep our spending well below 4% or increase returns if we don't want to run out of money.

Switching to Gold in Little My's Portfolio

 

Little My (our younger child) has an investment bond managed by Generation Life. Now and then I decide to tweak the portfolio allocation. I just noticed that iShares Physical Gold is now an option. So, I am switching from Magellan Global (soon to be managed by L1 instead) to gold. Gold is in the target portfolio and my own portfolio and we already have more than 1/3 of the portfolio managed by L1. So this is the new allocation:

iShares Physical Gold: 9%

Atlas Infrastructure: 8%

L1 Long Short Fund: 35%

Generation Life Tax Effective Australian Shares: 20%

Dimensional 70/30 World Allocation: 28% 

So, in terms of asset classes:

Australian Shares: 30%

International Shares: 10% 

Hedge Funds: 35% 

Credit 8% 

Real Assets: 8%

Gold: 9%

The gold position is not quite one ounce (shown in the picture above). 

The portfolio is more aggressive than the target portfolio, which makes sense as Little My is very young. 

Gold vs. Bitcoin

 

Our bitcoin position is now more valuable than our gold position. 11.5% of net worth is in bitcoin and 10.2% in gold both via ETFs. We also have 4.5% of net worth in crypto company Defi Technologies. Defi is up 215% since we first invested, bitcoin 78%, and gold 94% (since January 2019). I bought shares in gold ETFs earlier but this was when our current series of investments started. Our return should be lower in all of these as we added to the investments gradually.

Gold Hits New Australian Dollar High

Gold just overtook Unisuper to become our most profitable (in absolute dollar terms) investment ever.

Chart shows price of gold in Australian Dollars for roughly 1/100 of a ounce. I say roughly, because actually this is the PMGOLD ETF that now has some small management fee. In earlier years they withdrew units from each holder to pay the management fee so it exactly tracked the gold price.

When Does Our Investment Strategy Add Value?

EnoughWealth wonders if our investment strategy only adds value under certain market conditions. As a first step let's look at when the out-performance relative to the 60/40 portfolio happened:

The graph simply takes away the monthly return on the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio from Moom's actual results. We see there are periods of out- and under-performance throughout the period. Not surprisingly, it was weaker in 2023 in particular. I didn't do well in implementing the target portfolio strategy last year. Here is a graph comparing the performance of this theoretical portfolio and the Vanguard portfolio:

This looks more consistent. This portfolio is theoretical because it consists of a mix of actual investible funds and non-investible indices.

Bottom line, is I think it is a good idea to add things like managed futures, gold, real estate etc to your portfolio. It makes a real difference.

Investments Review: Part 6, Real Assets

In my usual reporting, gold is a separate category from real assets. I plan to put 10% of gross assets into gold and 15% into real assets. 10% would be in real estate and 5% in other assets, such as art.

Gold (PMGOLD.AX). Share of net worth: 12.10%. IRR: 15.2%. This is one of the more cost and tax effective ways to hold gold. The fund reflects rights to gold held by the Perth Mint. This is much more tax effective than using futures and less hassle than owning real gold, though Perth Mint provide some fairly easy options there. The IRR reflects our total gains on gold ETFs. The management fee is taken by the manager cancelling some shares each year. That means the price exactly tracks the Australian Dollar price of 1/100 of an ounce of gold.

WAM Alternatives (WMA.AX). Share of net worth: 4.32%. IRR: 16.9%. About 10% of this fund is in real estate and half in real assets, mainly water rights. The rest is in venture capital and cash. This fund was started by the failed Bluesky group and has now been taken over by Wilson Asset Management. The fund has traded deep below NAV. It has closed some of the gap but is still below NAV. I'm holding the fund mainly in the hope that eventually it trades at a premium to NAV. The underlying performance is not that good. In 2020 it lost 3 cents per share in NAV to $1.08 per share while paying out 4 cents in dividends. This year, so far it's gained 6 cents per share, which I guess is OK.

TIAA Real Estate. Share of net worth: 2.78%. IRR: 4.8%. This fund invests in US real estate - offices, retail, apartments, and industrial. It is in my US retirement account (403b). The IRR for this fund is low, but its returns are very smoothed and so it has a nominally high Sharpe ratio and a low correlation to my other assets. Based on my analysis, I'm hoping that the coming period is one of higher returns than average for this fund. It is easy to market time this fund due to the lag in revaluations.

Masterworks. Share of net worth: 2.63%. IRR: -0.28%. This fund provides fractional access to paintings, mostly works from the last few decades. I have now invested in nine paintings through the platform, investing USD 10k in each. Not much to report so far regarding performance. The downside of the platform I think, is that it isn't worthwhile for the manager to buy a painting for $100k or even $1 million. Buying a $10 million painting has a huge economy of scale for them. They are incentivised to make profits, but they could make it either by getting a lot of appreciation or less appreciation but more assets under management faster. Less expensive paintings that have a larger potential for gain cost them too much to offer.

US Masters Residential Property Fund (URF.AX). Share of net worth: 1.25%. IRR: -1.85%.This is an Australian fund that invests in residential real estate in metropolitan New York. The fund has had a quite disastrous history and now trades at less than 50% of NAV. The fund's underlying exposure to real estate is much larger than the value of the shares on the ASX. The fund has stabilized after refinancing its debt. Previously, it had assets in US Dollars and a lot of debt in Australian Dollars. My bet is that house prices rise in the New York area, that fund costs are now lower after the restructuring, and that the fund eventually trades nearer NAV.

Australian Unity Diversified Fund. Share of net worth: 1.17%. IRR: 28.2%. A recent investment in our SMSF. Invests in Australian office, retail, and healthcare real estate. This is unlisted property and so the price reflects the actual net asset value. Listed real estate provides much less diversification from stock market risk.

Domacom Investments. Share of net worth: 1.12%. IRR: 0.16%. Another recent investment in our SMSF. Fractional investing in Australian real estate. So far, I bought a small share in a farm, but the platform is very slow moving regarding new investments and most existing investments that are trading don't look like good bets.

Asset Allocation of Family Offices

 Here is the average asset allocation of family offices a couple of years ago according to UBS:

It's odd that they count commodities separately from alternatives. Perhaps it was used in a study about commodity investing. Here is our current allocation that was partly inspired by university endowments:

It's quite close, though we have more in commodities (=gold) and less in cash. Alternatives here includes private equity, real estate, hedge funds, futures, and art. As usual, the value of our house is not included.

Perth Mint

The Perth Mint (Western Australian government corporation) looks like the best way to invest in gold. There are no fees for trading or storage for Australian and NZ residents for accounts greater than AUD 50k, though there are fees to trade online. This is assuming that you only want to have an interest in a pool of gold rather than own specific gold bars. Alternatively they have an ETF trading on the ASX with a management fee of 0.15% p.a. (PMGOLD.AX). This is lower than IAU or GLD.

Other alternatives are to actually hold physical gold in a bank vault or trade gold futures. The problem with futures is if the price of gold does go up, you will have to pay short-term capital gains taxes continuously as the contracts expire (and buy and sell contracts every few months). And I don't really like the idea of getting delivered a bunch of gold bars, taking them to the bank, and then paying storage fees.

Gold has historically been a reasonable hedge aganst inflation but only in the very long run. It is actually more useful as an asset that is negatively correlated with the stock market and useful as an emergency fund in a stock market crash.

From Croesus to Sirius

The news is coming thick and fast this morning. Croesus Mining is to be renamed Sirius Resources and become a base metal explorer rather than a gold explorer which once was a gold miner. There will be a capital raising via private placement. I own 2666 shares which were valued at less than 2 cents each prior to this announcement. The placement is at 0.85 cents - about half price and will increase the shares on issue by 200%. At the same time Croesus is acquiring the nickel assets of a company called Apex Minerals. Apex will receive 67 million shares and 600 million options with an exercise price of 3 cents. Mark Creasy (self-styled (?) "prospector of the century")who currently owns 45% of Croesus and some fraction of Apex will receive 267 million shares. The management of Croesus is also being changed.

The image shows the binary system of Sirius. Sirius A is the brightest star in the sky as seen from Earth. Sirius B is a white dwarf which can be seen at lower left.