Annual Report 2025

All $ signs in this report indicate Australian Dollars. I'll do a separate report on individual investments. I do a report breaking down spending after the end of the financial year.

Overview 

Investment returns were positive and net worth again increased. My base case net worth projection was $8.2 million and we reached $8.192 million. In December we again travelled to China and this time Vietnam for the first time. I did some short business trips to Sydney and Brisbane during the year as well. My 61st birthday was in December and at the end of November I took a redundancy package from my employer and retired.

Investment Return

In Australian Dollar terms we gained 8.7% for the year while in USD terms we gained 17.1%. The big gap is because the Australian Dollar rose. The MSCI gained 22.9% and the S&P 500 17.9% in USD terms while the ASX 200 gained 11.9% in AUD terms. The HFRI hedge fund index gained 12.7% in USD terms. Our target portfolio gained 7.3% in AUD terms and the Vanguard 60/40 AUD benchmark returned 9.8%. So, we under-performed all benchmarks apart from the target portfolio and HFRI. But we didn't do that badly compared to the S&P 500 given we target a much lower volatility. The poor performance of the target portfolio was also due to the rise in the Australian Dollar.

This chart compares our portfolio to the benchmarks in Australian Dollar terms over the year:

 

It was actually a smoother ride in USD terms:

This was unusual as the Australian Dollar usually falls during stock market crises.

  

Here are annualized returns over various timeframes:

 

We beat the HFRI, the target portfolio, and the 60/40 portfolio over the last 5 and 10 years. Our performance over 20 years is still very weak, though it matches the HFRI.

 

Here are the investment returns and contributions of each asset class in 2025 in currency neutral and unlevered terms:

The contributions to return from each asset class sum to the total portfolio return. The portfolio shares are at the beginning of the year. Rest of the world stocks did worst, because of the performance of Defi Technologies, followed by futures, which includes bitcoin. Gold was the best performer followed by hedge funds and each made similar large contributions to the total return. Private equity was disappointing, in large part due to the fall in 3i near the end of the year, the shutdown of Kyte, and a disappointing earn out at IPS. A good result from Aura VF2 saved the day.

Investment Allocation

There were significant changes in asset allocation over the year:

 

We reduced exposure to futures = crypto (-12.8% of portfolio), RoW stocks = Defi Technologies (-4.3%), and real assets (-4.2%) over the year and increased exposure to all other asset classes and hedge funds, in particular (+7.7%).

Accounts

Here are our annual accounts in Australian Dollars: 

 

Percentage changes are for the total numbers. There are lots of quirks in the way I compute the accounts, which have gradually evolved over time. There is an explanation at the end of this post. 

We earned $440k after tax in salary etc. This grew massively due to the redundancy payment. Total non-investment earnings including retirement contributions were $473k, up 97% on 2024.

 

We gained (pre-tax including unrealized capital gains) $507k on non-retirement account investments. The rise in the Australian Dollar reduced those gains by $43k. We gained only $30k in retirement accounts with $32k in employer retirement contributions. Gold and hedge funds contributed strongly to non-retirement funds and retirement funds suffered from the crypto theme.

 

The value of our house is estimated to have fallen by $64k. As a result, investment gains totaled $472k and total income $945k.

 

Total spending (doesn't include mortgage payments, life insurance, margin interest etc.) of $158k was down 7% on last year.

 

$21k of the current pre-tax investment income was tax credits – we don't actually get that money directly so we need to deduct it to get to the change in net worth. We do receive some refund of franking credits in our annual tax returns, which count towards "Other income". We saved $289k from salaries etc. before making contributions of $74k to superannuation. I also record a $7k "inheritance", which is a gift we received on our trip to China. Current net worth increased by $701k.

Taxes on superannuation returns are just estimated because, though we know the tax paid by the SMSF, our employer superannuation funds only report after tax returns. I estimate the tax these funds paid to make retirement and non-retirement investment returns comparable. The total estimated tax on superannuation was $29k. Net worth of retirement accounts increased by $108k after the transfer from current savings. With the gain in the value of our house, total net worth increased by $745k.

Projections

Last year my base case scenario for 2025 was for an increase in net worth of $800k to $8.2 million, which we hit. For this year, my best case scenario is for an increase of $900k to $9 million. My bear case is for a decline to $7.5 million, which is roughly what we would expect if stock markets fell 20% assuming a beta of 0.5 and alpha of 5%. The Australian Dollar would likely fall in that scenario, boosting the Australian Dollar value of foreign investments.

Notes to the Accounts

Current account includes everything that is not related to retirement accounts and housing account income and spending. Then the other two are fairly self-explanatory. However, property taxes etc. are included in the current account. Since we notionally converted the mortgage to an investment loan, mortgage interest is counted in current investment costs. So, the only item in the housing account now is increases or decreases in the value of our house. This simplified the accounts a lot but I still keep a lot of cells in the spreadsheet that might again be used in the future.

 

Current other income is reported after tax, while investment income is reported pre-tax. Net tax on investment income then gets subtracted from current income as our annual tax refund or extra payment gets included there. Retirement investment income gets reported pre-tax too while retirement contributions are after tax. For retirement accounts, "tax credits" is the imputed tax on investment earnings which is used to compute pre-tax earnings from the actual received amounts. For non-retirement accounts, "tax credits" are actual franking credits received on Australian dividends and the tax withheld on foreign investment income. Both of these are included in the pre-tax earning but are not actually received month to month as cash.... 

 

"Saving" is the difference between "other income" net of transfers to other columns and spending in that column, while "change in net worth" also includes the investment income.

Where the Money Came From

I just updated this graph, which breaks net worth down into savings, inheritance, and investment profits. 

Savings are from salaries etc and tax returns as well as employer superannuation returns. Inheritance is self explanatory. Investment returns include franking credits and an estimate of the taxes paid by industry and public sector superannuation funds. Here I also include the increase in the value of our house. To get actual net worth, we need to subtract from the total tax paid by the SMSF, franking credits received by non-superannuation investments, and taxes paid by those large superannuation funds. These taxes currently sum to AUD 400k.'

Roughly one quarter of net worth is from savings, one quarter from inheritance, and half from investment returns. You can see the recent effect of the redundancy payment on savings on the bottom right.

It would make more sense to place profits as the bottom layer on the graph as they were negative during the dot-com crash and the GFC. But I think it is more instructive to see the steady rise in savings over time. Now of course, I expect it to go slowly down again as we dissave.

 

January 2026 Report

We had very strong investment performance in January, especially in USD terms. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6674 to USD 0.6989 meaning that USD investment returns are better than AUD investment returns. Stock markets rose (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 2.98%

S&P 500: 1.45%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.75% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 1.78%

Target Portfolio: -0.74% (forecast - depends on HFRI result) - this is negative because of the rise in the AUD and the negative performance of venture capital this month.

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 0.53%

We gained 2.84% in Australian Dollar terms or 7.70% in US Dollar terms. So we crushed all benchmarks. Here is a graph comparing the portfolio's track record with two of the AUD benchmarks:

As you can see, the three portfolios have very similar volatility, which justifies using them as benchmarks. Also, all three target 60% exposure to equities.

The SMSF again outperformed, returning 3.25% beating Unisuper (0.82%) and PSS(AP) (0.33%). 

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. Only US stocks lost money. Gold had the highest rate of return and largest overall contribution. Australian Dollar futures contributed to the strong Futures result.

Things that worked well this month:

• Gold was the greatest gainer at AUD 116k - the greatest monthly gain for gold so far. In all, seven investments gained more than AUD 10k: L1 Global Long Short (GLS, AX, 41k), Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX, 36k), Australian Dollar Futures (23k), Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX, 17k), Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX, 17k), and 3i (III.L, 13k).

What really didn't work:

• Only one investment lost more than AUD 10k: Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) with a loss of AUD 28k.

We moved towards our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 68% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity and credit, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

Moominmama receives employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We also make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. There will still be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II and III. I am receiving monthly pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF. I made an AUD 13k concessional contribution to our SMSF to bring my concessional contributions for the tax year up to the 30k cap. I will decide how much to more to contribute as non-concessional contributions to superannuation later in the financial year. I made the following investment moves this month:

• I sold 9k WAM Capital (WAM.AX) shares.
• I sold 500 3i shares (III.L).
• I sold 1,000 shares of the gold ETF, PMGOLD.AX.
• I bought almost 7k Hearts and Minds (HM1.AX) shares.
• I bought 19k shares of Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX).

Here are the income and spending accounts * for this month:

Other income includes Moominmama's salary and employer superannuation contribution and Moominpapa's payment of Division 293 tax :( There was a larger than normal transfer into of superannuation as I made the concessional contribution mentioned above. Spending was low - we spent the first 2/3 of the month in China and Vietnam. As a result dissaving was only AUD 3k for the month. The 4% rule says we could dissave AUD 23k per month :) Next month's spending is going to be a lot higher as we pay school fees. As a result of all this, net worth increased by AUD 193k to AUD 8.386 million.

* Results are shown separately for retirement and non-retirement accounts as well as housing, which nowadays doesn't have much activity. The grey lines are additional notes. Total investment income is split into investment income before exchange rate moves and the contribution of exchange rates. Other income is non-investment income including salaries, employer superannuation contributions, and net tax returns. Investment income is shown pre-tax. Tax credits include franking credits on Australian Dividends and imputed tax on superannuation returns. These are taken away from investment income to get changes in actual net worth. Inheritances include gifts from relatives. Saving is from non-investment income, transfers, and inheritances. 

Aura VF2 Reports

The Aura VF2 venture capital fund has reported for the final quarter of calendar year 2025 and it has jumped sharply into profit.

 

I now have an IRR of 10.6%. It increased the rate of return for December to 2.5% in AUD terms or 4.5% in USD terms, which crushed all benchmarks.

Moomin's 2025 Investment Performance

I recently reported how well Little My's portfolio did in 2025. I was pretty pleased with his performance for the year. Today, my brother sent me the 31 December value of Moomin's investment portfolio, which he manages in my mother's home country. Both received the same amount of money (£25k) from my mother's estate. He gained 57.4% in AUD terms! His account is now worth AUD 114k while Little My's is worth AUD 73k. For the last two years Moomin's money has been invested in two mutual funds. Prior to that my brother had many more investments and changed them frequently with mediocre results. 

Each child can access their money at age 23. Two of my brother's children were already 23 when the estate was settled. I was interested to hear that neither of the two who had their 23rd birthday since then have asked to get their money. So, he is still managing their accounts as well as his youngest daughter's.

How Well Did Your Super Fund Do in 2025?

The Australian reports on superannuation funds' performance for calendar year 2025. Neither of our employer funds - Unisuper and PSS(AP) - made the top ten. Unisuper Balanced is in the top 10 for the last 10 years. The average return for 2025 was between 8.8% and 9.3% depending on the source. I assume this is for accumulation funds. I estimate that Unisuper made 7.8% pre-tax or around 6.8% post-tax. PSS(AP) made 10.5% or 9.2% post-tax. On the other hand, our SMSF returned -6.1% pre-tax :( This is mostly because of its outperformance in 2024 (34.0%) and cryptocurrency coming back down to Earth in 2025.

Little My 2025 Investment Performance

Little My (our second child) had a good year investment-wise:

His estimated pre-tax return was 20.8%.* The ASX200 had a gross return including estimated franking credits of 11.9%. The MSCI gross world index returned 14.1% in AUD terms and our target portfolio has an estimated return of 7.3%. 

 

Seems like I have finally managed to put together a decent portfolio for him. Currently, we have 33% in the L1 Long Short Fund, 28% in the Dimensional 70/30 fund, 10% in Generation Life Tax Effective Australian Shares, and the remainder in two Magellan fund options.

 

* 30% tax is deducted automatically from the returns of "investment bonds".  However, there is a trick that could reduce this tax to the recipient's marginal tax rate when the bond is finally cashed out. By adding an additional payment the ten year period of investment that is needed to get the 30% rate will be reset. This makes sense if the recipient has a marginal rate below 30%. This works because additional contributions have to be within 125% of the previous year's contribution in order not to reset the bond. Given that our additional contributions since the initial investment have been zero...

 

December 2025 Report

December was the first post-retirement month. I am changing the layout of these reports to remove investment performance over the last five years and add in the income and spending report I dropped back in 2018. This is because I have a new focus on making sure spending stays within our budget, whereas it is hard to change investment performance over a five year period on a monthly basis. I will report on longer term investment performance in the annual review as usual.

In December, the Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6550 to USD 0.6674 meaning that USD investment returns are better than AUD investment returns. We had a good month in terms of investment return. Stock markets were slightly up with a lot of intramonth volatility (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 1.07%

S&P 500: 0.06%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.26% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 1.36%

Target Portfolio: -0.19% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 0.22%

We gained 1.28% in Australian Dollar terms or 3.28% in US Dollar terms. So we outperformed all benchmarks apart from the ASX 200, which we got fairly close to.  These returns are preliminary, as we won't get results from Aura Venture for more than a month, and Angellist report with a three month lag. I was curious about how much I end up revising my monthly performance figures when all the data is available. Here are the results for the last year:

"Original" is the rate of return reported in this blog and "Current" is my current estimate. In the last year, on average I overestimated the rate of return initially. On the other hand, I initially underestimated the return for last December but as you can see I have already trimmed this December's number a little.

The SMSF again outperformed, returning 0.62% beating Unisuper (0.37%) and PSS(AP) (0.40%). 

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. Only US stocks lost money. Futures had the highest rate of return with Australian Dollar Futures contributing the most. Hedge funds made the largest overall contribution.

Things that worked well this month:

• As mentioned above, most hedge funds did well with Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX) gaining AUD 42k and Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) 17k. Gold, 3i (III.L), and Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX) all gained between AUD 9 and 10k.

What really didn't work:

• Only five investments lost money and no investment lost more than AUD 10k.

We moved towards our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

Moominmama receives employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We also make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. I made the last USD 10k contribution to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund this month. There will still be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II and III. I am receiving monthly TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF. I will decide how much to recontribute to superannuation later in the financial year. 

This was a quieter month in terms of transactions:

• I sold 5k WAM Capital (WAM.AX) shares.
• I bought net 1k shares of WCM Global Quality (WCMQ.AX). 
• I sold 250 Perth Mint Gold ETF (PMGOLD.AX) shares. 
• I sold all our position in WAM Strategic Value (WAR.AX, 100k shares) in order to fund the 1:1 entitlement offer for the L1 Global Long Short Fund (GLS.AX, formerly Platinum Capital, 85k new shares). 

Here are the income and spending accounts for this month:

Results are shown separately for retirement and non-retirement accounts as well as housing, which nowadays doesn't have much activity. The grey lines are additional notes. Total investment income is split into investment income before exchange rate moves and the contribution of exchange rates. Other income is non-investment income including salaries, employer superannuation contributions, and net tax returns. Investment income is shown pre-tax. Tax credits include franking credits on Australian Dividends and imputed tax on superannuation returns. These are taken away from investment income to get changes in actual net worth. Inheritances include gifts from relatives. Saving is from non-investment income, transfers, and inheritances.

This month, salary hit a record number as I received the redundancy payment of more than AUD 1/4 million. Spending was fairly average at AUD 12k. There was a larger than normal transfer out of superannuation as I made excess concessional superannuation contributions in the previous tax year, which I withdrew from Unisuper. We received a cash gift from Muminmama's father (counted as inheritance). As a result of all this, net worth increased by AUD 347k, almost all of it in non-retirement accounts. Now, I will have to decide how much to contribute to superannuation. I want to hit the goal of transferring AUD 2 million to a tax free pension account. I also want to max out the concessional contribution cap of AUD 30k for this year to help reduce my taxes, which will be very high because of the redundancy payment. The payment itself has low taxes but it pushes most of the rest of my income into the top tax bracket.

To keep things simple, I will use net worth at the end of this month as the "retirement number". Net worth at the end of December not including our house is AUD 6.875 million. Using the 4% rule means we could dissave AUD 275k per annum. Our spending is a lot below that. Total net worth is AUD 8.112 million.

A More Realistic Target Portfolio

A couple of changes to the target portfolio. There are really two target portfolios. One is our desired asset allocation and the other is the benchmark portfolio I compare performance to each month and year. 

The first change applies to the benchmark portfolio. Up till now, I have used the FTSE DSC venture and buyout indices as the proxy for venture capital and buyout PE. But these indices track gross performance before investment fees. Investment fees are very high for these asset classes and it is unrealistic to assume I could match the gross performance. By contrast, the HFRI index I use for hedge funds is net performance after fees. So, I am going to apply the standard 2 and 20 investment fee structure to the returns of these indices. 2 refers to the 2% annual management fee and 20 refers to the carried interest or performance fee - 20% of the profits. 

There is actually a big difference between hedge funds and private equity in how these fees are applied. Hedge funds charge 2% of NAV each year and 20% of the profit above a hurdle rate of return. Usually, if gross profits are in a drawdown - below the previous "high water mark" - no performance fee would be charged. Private equity charges 2% of the original investment and only charges carried interest when an investment is realised - but usually there is no hurdle rate. I will deduct 2%/12 of NAV each month and 20% of profits when gross profits are above the high water mark. I implement this by computing the gross index and then a high water mark index - the maximum of the gross index in all previous months. If the gross index at the end of the month is above the the high water mark, 20% of the percentage increase relative to the high water mark is deducted from returns.* This exaggerates likely fees. On the other hand, I don't take into account the dilution that often happens to early stage venture investors. 

Venture returns are reduced from 1.67% per month gross since January 2008 to 1.22% net and buyout returns fall from 1.29% to 0.93%. These returns are still better than any other asset class.

I have also tweaked the allocations to give 20% to each of long public equity, hedge funds, and private equity. I have also increased the credit allocation to 10%. So, the benchmark portfolio consists of:

MSCI All Country World Index Gross in AUD 9%  

ASX 200 Total Return Index 11%

HFRI Fund Weighted Hedge Fund Index 20%

Net FTSE Venture Index 10% 

Net FTSE Buyout Index 10%

Gold Spot Price in AUD 10% 

TIAA Real Estate Fund 12%

CREF Bond Fund 10%

Winton Global Alpha Fund 5%

Australian Dollar Cash 3%

Short Australian Dollar Futures 31% 

The index is effectively rebalanced monthly.

The 31% short Australian Dollar position is half the total position in hedge funds, private equity, real estate, and bonds. The indices or funds for each of these is in US Dollars. This hedge implies that half of the allocation to these assets is in Australian Dollar denominated funds and half in US Dollar denominated funds.

Our target allocation for investment is close to this. We split the Australian stock allocation into 7% large cap and 4% small cap. Real assets, credit, and futures categories are also broader than the specific funds listed here.

I won't bother deducting fees from the long stocks allocation as you could use ETFs with very low fees to track these indices. 

Here is a graph of the simulated performance of the benchmark since September 1996:

The benchmark has about matched the returns of the MSCI index and gold with a lot less volatility. My own performance was terrible up to 2012 and has tracked the benchmark pretty well since then (it's a log chart). Here is a comparison of the benchmark, myself, and the Vanguard 60/40 benchmark since the latter funds inception:

 

* A simpler approach is just to multiply the gross return by 0.8 and deduct 2%/12 each month. The result of this approach is highly correlated with the high water mark approach. The high water mark approach is more realistic though. Let's say you invested $1000 and gross performance was 100%. Your account now has $1800 and the manager has $200. Now the gross price falls by 10%. Both your share and the manager's share fall by 10%. It would be incorrect to say that your $1800 fell by only 8%.

November 2025 Report

In November, the Australian Dollar rose very slightly from USD 0.6542 to USD 0.6550 meaning that USD investment returns are slightly better than AUD investment returns. Stock markets were flat or fell with a lot of intramonth volatility (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 0.02%

S&P 500: 0.25%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.01% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: -2.51%

Target Portfolio: -0.34% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: -0.42%

We lost 1.93% in Australian Dollar terms or 1.88% in US Dollar terms. So the only benchmark we beat was the ASX 200. Our performance was hit by the crash in the price of 3i (see below). After underperforming last month, the SMSF returned 0.16% beating Unisuper (-1.06%) and PSS(AP) (-0.61%).

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. Returns were very mixed. Gold had the largest gain, while rest of the world stocks had the lowest. Gold made the greatest positive contribution and private equity the most negative contribution.

Things that worked well this month:

• Two investments gained more than AUD 10k: Gold (AUD 38k), Berkshire Hathaway (11k).

What really didn't work:

• Four investments lost more than AUD 10k: 3i (-), bitcoin (-28k), Defi Technologies (-20k), and Dash/IPS (-17k). 3i crashed after saying sales growth recently was soft in Action's French market. A more than 25% fall in the share price seems to be an irrational response. The actual earnings report was great. I bought more, but as usual was too early. I got out of all crypto investments (see below). IPS didn't do as well as hoped and so the "earn out" component of the takeover was less than expected.

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

Our alpha relative to the ASX200 is 2.9% with a beta of only 0.51. We have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.30 vs. 0.99. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with similar volatility but 3.5% p.a. more return. We captured 104% of the upside of this portfolio but only 69% of the downside. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of far higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is almost five percentage points lower!

We moved a bit away our target allocation due to investments and investment performance. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. There is one remaining USD 10k contribution to make to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II and III. I am now receiving TTR (soon to be retirement) pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts for the remainder of this financial year. 

I was quite busy making the following additional moves this month:

• I bought 700 shares of 3i (III.L) after the price crashed. I still believe in the company.
• I sold our entire bitcoin position across three accounts. This was just over one bitcoin's worth.
• I also sold our ether position. 
• I sold our Defi Technologies (DEFT) position (15k shares).
• I bought 36k WAM Capital (WAM.AX) shares.
• I bought 5k Regal Partners (RPL.AX) shares.
• I sold 1k WCM Global Quality (WCMQ.AX) shares.
• I sold 500 Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) shares.
• I bought 30k Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX) shares.
• I bought 1k Putnam BDC (PBDC) shares.
• I sold 750 PMGOLD.AX gold ETF shares.
• I made a non-concessional contribution of AUD 40k to Unisuper.
• I bought 2k Hearts and Minds (HM1.AX) shares. 

On the whole it is a shift from speculative investments to income investments, though the extra 3i shares are speculative. The last day of the month was my retirement date. This month's net worth (not including our house) together with the redundancy payment I should get this week constitutes our "retirement number". It should be approximately AUD 6.8 million. Using the 4% rule means we could spend AUD 272k per annum. Our spending is a lot below that. Total net worth at the end of November is at AUD 7.78 million.

October 2025 Report

In October, the Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6613 to USD 0.6542 meaning that USD investment returns are worse than AUD investment returns. Stock markets continued to rise (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 2.26%

S&P 500: 2.34%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.55% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 0.39%

Target Portfolio: 1.36% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 1.55%

We gained 1.78% in Australian Dollar terms or 0.69% in US Dollar terms. So we beat three of the benchmarks.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. Hedge funds had the highest rate of return and the greatest contribution to total return.

Things that worked well this month:

• Seven investments gained more than AUD 10k: Gold (32k), 3i (24k), Tribeca Global Resources (24k), Pershing Square Holdings (23k), Platinum Capital (12k), PSS(AP) (11k), and Domacom (10k). Domacom has not been relisted on the ASX but has issued shares in private placements at 14 cents per share.

What really didn't work:

• No investment lost more than AUD 10k.

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

Our alpha relative to the ASX200 is 3.0% with a beta of only 0.48. We have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.47 vs. 1.17. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with the same volatility but 3.5% p.a. more return. We captured 102% of the upside of this portfolio but only 62% of the downside. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of far higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than five percentage points lower!

We moved a bit away our target allocation due to investments and investment performance. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts. During the month I worked on finalizing my redundancy and renewing my wholesale investor certification.

I was quite busy making the following additional moves this month:

•  I made a AUD 75k investment in Aura Group.
• I bought 900 IBTC.AX bitcoin ETF shares.
• I bought 100 QETH.AX ether ETF shares. 
• I sold 6,000 WAM Capital (WAM.AX) shares.
• I bought 9,312 MCP Income Opportunities private credit shares (MOT.AX).
• I bought 5,000 Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) shares.
• I sold 19,174 Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX) shares. 
• I sold 5,000 Regal Partners (RPL.AX) shares.
• I bought 5,445 Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX) shares.
• I bought 20,000 WAM Alternative Assets (WMA.AX) shares.
• I sold 250 gold ETF (PMGOLD.AX) shares.
• I sold 2,000 Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX) shares. 
• I sold 1,000 WCM Quality (WCMQ.AX) shares. 

September 2025 Report

In September, the Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6540 to USD 0.6613 meaning that USD investment returns are better than AUD investment returns. International stock markets rose yet again, though the Australian market was down (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 3.66%

S&P 500: 3.65%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.83% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: -0.52%

Target Portfolio: 2.70% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 0.83%

We gained 3.63% in Australian Dollar terms or 4.79% in US Dollar terms. So we beat all benchmarks!

Our SMSF returned 3.42% beating both Unisuper (0.60%) and PSS(AP) (0.81%).

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. All asset classes gained. Gold had the greatest return, but hedge funds made the largest contribution to total returns.

Things that worked well this month:

• The following investments gained more than AUD 10k: Gold (AUD 86k), Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L, 35k), Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX, 31k), Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX, 28k), WAM Capital (WAM.AX, 16k), Platinum Capital (PMC.AX, 11k).

What really didn't work:

• No investment lost more than AUD 10k.

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

Our alpha relative to the ASX200 is 3.0% with a beta of only 0.49. We have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.49 vs. 1.19. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with the same volatility but 4% p.a. more return. We captured 100% of the upside of this portfolio but only 60% of the downside. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of far higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than four percentage points lower.

We moved a little bit away our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts. I made the following additional moves this month:

• I bought 15k WAM Strategic Value (WAR.AX).
• I bought 15k shares of Defi technologies (DEFT.AX), a stock I previously held until April. 
• I bought 4,555 shares of Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX). 
• I did a trade in gold, buying 500 PMGOLD shares and then selling 750.
• bought 375 Metrics Income Opportunities shares (MOT.AX).

Investors' Returns vs. Fund Returns

Report from Morningstar on investors' returns vs. fund returns. Due to badly timed trading, investors made 1.2% less per year than the funds they invested in. My return in USD terms for the relevant period was 6.83%, which is roughly what the average investor made. My AUD return was 9.81% over the same period!

 

August 2025 Report

In August, the Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6433 to USD 0.6540 meaning that USD investment returns are better than AUD investment returns. It was our second highest spending (in nominal terms, January 2015 was the highest) month ever at AUD 27k. School fees and airfares booking coincided. Stock markets rose again (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 2.51%

S&P 500: 2.03%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.54% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 3.30%

Target Portfolio: 0.86% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 1.37%

We gained 1.07% in Australian Dollar terms or 2.76% in US Dollar terms. So we beat all the US Dollar benchmarks but under-performed relative to two of the Australian Dollar benchmarks.

Our SMSF returned 1.31% beating Unisuper (0.75%) but not PSS(AP) (1.35%).

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. All asset classes apart from private equity had positive returns. US stocks had the greatest return and hedge funds made the largest contribution to total return.

Things that worked well this month:

• The following investments gained more than AUD 10k: Gold (16k), Tribeca Global Resources (16k), Berkshire Hathaway (10k).

What really didn't work:

• Bitcoin lost AUD 14k and 3i 10k.

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

Our alpha relative to the ASX200 is 2.9% with a beta of only 0.48. We still have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.42 vs. 1.12. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with the same volatility but 4% p.a. more return. We captured 100% of the upside of this portfolio but only 60% of the downside. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of far higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than four percentage points lower.

We moved a little bit away our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts. I made the following additional moves this month:

• I bought 1,100 shares of the IBTC.AX bitcoin ETF. I also did a small unprofitable bitcoin futures trade.
• I bought 500 shares of the QETH.AX ethereum ETF.
• I sold 10k shares of WAM Capital (WAM.AX).
• I bought 2k shares of Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX).
• I bought 85k shares of Platinum Capital (PMC.AX).
• I sold 73k shares of Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX).

June 2025 Report

I waited for all investment returns for the financial year to be in before posting this report, though, in the end, it didn't make much difference. In June, the Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6431 to USD 0.6559 meaning that USD investment returns are better than AUD investment returns. Stock markets rose (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 4.53%

S&P 500: 5.09%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 2.36%

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 1.47%

Target Portfolio: 1.95%

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 1.79%

We gained 0.68% in Australian Dollar terms or gained 2.68% in US Dollar terms. So the only benchmark we beat was the HFRI. We under-performed the target portfolio because our returns for private equity and US stocks were a lot below the benchmark returns.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. All asset classes but gold and Australian small cap had positive returns with the strongest rate of return and the largest contribution from Australian large cap.

Things that worked well this month:

• More than AUD 10k gain: Unisuper (19k), Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX, 12k), Australian Dollar Futures (10k). Also at all time high profits:  PSS(AP) (9k for the month), CREF Social Choice (7k), Acadian (6k), WCM Global (WCMQ.AX, 2k), CFS Imputation (2k).

What really didn't work:

• Gold (-14k). At all time low profits: WAM Capital (WAM.AX, -1k).

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. This month, we have added the Vanguard 60/40 ETF portfolio to the set of benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

These are now measured from the end of June 2020. Our alpha relative to the ASX200 fell to 3.0% with a beta of only 0.48. We still have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.41 vs. 1.09. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with the same volatility but almost 4% p.a. more return. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of much higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than four percentage points lower.

We moved towards our target allocation as I again tweaked the allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make an annual concessional contribution to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts. (around AUD 4k net contribution per month). I made the following additional moves this month:

• Closed investments in Generation Global and Aspect Diversified Futures and switched the money to the Acadian Global Long Short Fund.
• Invested USD 2,500 in a syndicated start up at Unpopular Ventures. In my reporting, all these small investments are reported together with the UV Rolling Fund. Similarly, individual paintings I invested in at Masterworks are all reported together, as are individual property investments at Domacom.
• Sold 1,000 shares of James Hardie (JHX.AX) closing this trade for about an AUD 600 loss.
• Bought 500 shares of the gold ETF (PMGOLD.AX). 
• Net sold 3,250 shares of WCM Global Quality (WCMQ.AX). 
• Bought AUD 45k of the First Sentier Imputation Fund. 

All Time Contributions of Asset Classes

I was wondering how much each asset class has contributed to our total profits to date. It was easy to compute this number using the spreadsheet I use to compute monthly gains on individual investments and asset classes. The numbers are only estimates. For multi-asset class funds, I assume that each asset class in the fund has the same rate of return. So I multiply each asset class share by the total profit for the fund to get the contributions of that fund to total returns for that asset class. This is also how I compute asset class returns each month. Here are the results:

Private equity has contributed the most followed by Australian large cap and gold. Contributions of bonds and real assets are surprisingly large. They may be an artifact of how I compute the contributions from multi-asset funds like our employers' superannuation funds. Also, Commonwealth Bank is all attributed to bonds, when about half my return was from my investment in the Colonial IPO rather than my later investments in CBA hybrids. Finally, 17% of Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) is currently in private credit but most of my returns were made before they even invested in private credit! So, this is biased upwards.

Coincidentally, I am changing the name of the Bonds asset class to Credit. Private credit isn't bonds. It isn't even "fixed income". The category covers both private credit and bonds.

July 2025 Report

In June, the Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6559 to USD 0.6433 meaning that USD investment returns are worse than AUD investment returns. Stock markets rose (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 1.38%

S&P 500: 2.24%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 0.27% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Benchmarks

ASX 200: 2.36%

Target Portfolio: 1.82% (forecast - depends on HFRI result)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 1.90%

We gained 3.38% in Australian Dollar terms or 1.38% in US Dollar terms. So the only benchmark we didn't beat was the S&P 500. It seemed that some stocks that were beaten down at the end of the last Australian financial year rebounded strongly. A good example is Regal Partners (RPL.AX), which gained 35%. Maybe a classic case of selling for tax losses. In absolute Australian Dollar terms it was our fourth best month ever gaining AUD 203k. November 2024 was the best ever month with a gain of AUD 335k followed by January 2025 (280k) and March 2024 (229k).

Our SMSF returned 4.59% beating Unisuper (1.67%) and PSS(AP) (2.08%).  This was a welcome change after five months of under-performance.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. All asset classes had positive returns. Australian small cap had the greatest return and hedge funds made the largest contribution to total return.

Things that worked well this month:

• Ten investments gained more than AUD 10k: Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L 40k), Regal Partners (RPL.AX, 22k – RPL's best month so far for me), Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX, 22k), Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX, 15k), Bitcoin (15k), Unisuper (12k), Gold (12k), WAM Capital (WAM.AX, 12k), PSS(AP) (11k), and WAM Alternatives (11k).

What really didn't work:

• Australian Dollar Futures lost AUD 12k. (-14k).

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for four benchmarks. This month, we have added the Vanguard 60/40 ETF portfolio to the set of benchmarks. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. 

Our alpha relative to the ASX200 is 3.2% with a beta of only 0.49. We still have much lower volatility, resulting in a information ratio of 1.46 vs. 1.12. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. We also have very good performance relative to the Vanguard 60/40 portfolio with the same volatility but 4% p.a. more return. We captured 100% of the upside of this portfolio but only 60% of the downside. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of far higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than four percentage points lower.

We moved a little bit away our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 65% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We make monthly concessional contributions to Moominmama's superannuation to reach the annual cap on contributions. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these back to my superannuation accounts. I made the following additional moves this month:

• Made a USD 7,500 investment in African start-up Yassir. In my reporting, all these small investments are reported together with the UV Rolling Fund. Similarly, individual paintings I invested in at Masterworks are all reported together and different property investments at Assetora (formerly Domacom) are wrapped together.
• Bought 400 more shares of the Monochrome bitcoin ETF (IBTC.AX). 
• Bought 2,000 more shares of WCM Global Quality (WCMQ.AX).