Voluntary Redundancy

So my employer announced a couple of days ago in the weekly newsletter that there will be a voluntary redundancy scheme. The details won't be announced until next week. Up till now they said that redundancies would be based entirely on determining work needs and budgets going forward and there would be no voluntary redundancies. Moominmama might be made redundant mid-year as well as her employer is also cutting and she is under-employed in her organization currently.

So, I did a simulation of what would happen if we both quit mid-year, I got an AUD 75k payout (1 week's pay per year of service + 25k for long service leave etc.) and retired putting my transfer balance cap into pension mode. At the end of 2025 there is no real difference as my pay is largely replaced by the payout. At the end of 2029 our net worth is 7% lower than it would otherwise be if I followed my original plan to work half time from next year until then.*

At first, when I told Moominmama this result she said: "Why are we working anyway then?" When I mentioned that I needed to stress test the result for different rates of return etc. she began to say it was too scary that we wouldn't have a salary coming in and I shouldn't take voluntary redundancy. But with that attitude I wouldn't retire till our youngest child completes grade school in 2037 when I will be 73!

In any case, I might yet be made compulsorily redundant. Our school (group of departments) has been given a salary budget for this year that is around 10% lower than the salaries we are paying... 

* Net worth in 2029 would still be AUD 1 million higher in real terms than at the end of 2025 despite being retired. This is because our current spending is only 2.9% of our net worth (not including housing equity), which is well below the classic 4% rule.

Investments Review 5: Mature Stock Investments

We usually classify the first of these investments as a hedge fund and the rest as stock investments, but here we can bundle them together as stock investments. The first two are very successful while the second two are questionable. 

We start with our fifth biggest investment currently, Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) managed by Bill Ackman:

Scale: Pounds Sterling

We gradually ramped our investment up to 5,000 shares and then have let our net investment decline with dividend payouts. In the meantime, profit continued to increase. The fund trades 28% below NAV. So, part of our investment thesis is that the gap to NAV will reduce over time. Pershing Square went through a period of under-performance in the years before we invested. Since then they revised their strategy and have done very well. Our IRR is 24%. The question here is whether we should add to the investment. On the one hand, it is 7% of net worth already. On the other hand, it has performed well, is below NAV, and our net investment is only about 1/3 of the total value.

Our sixth largest investment (6.1% of net worth) is Defi Technologies (DEFI.NE and DEFTF):

Scale: US Dollars

This shows that a mature investment is not the same thing as an investment held for a long time if you get lucky! Our IRR is a crazy 378%. We invested roughly 2% of net worth in this company.

We first invested in Generation Global Share Fund, which is a Colonial First State offering, back in 2008 when it was called the Generation Global Sustainability Fund. The fund is closed to new investors, which is one reason why I never sold out of it, but also it has performed well historically returning an above average 13% IRR. However, at the previous review in 2021 it had an IRR of 16.5%. So what happened since then. I ramped up our investment in 2021. This was good timing as you can see profit soared. However, it round-tripped back to 2020 values in 2022. We have let our net investment decline since then as distributions were paid out. But profit has rebounded to new highs.

Scale: Australian Dollars

This is now the only remaining investment in the Colonial First State account I set up for Moominmama in 2008 soon after we moved to Australia. We now have 1.8% of net worth in this investment. So how is this fund doing now compared to benchmarks?

While it outperformed the benchmark over the last 10 years, it has underperformed in more recent periods. So, this isn't a clearcut decision. We need to compare this to our other international share funds. One reason to hold would be to maintain diversity of managers.  Maybe this manager will increase performance in the future again while others will decrease... Because funds like this end up distributing most gains we don't need to worry about CGT.

Finally, we have Hearts and Minds (HM1.AX). This is an Australian listed investment company that invests globally using the highest conviction ideas of an array of fund managers. 35% of the holdings are based on stocks spruiked by fund managers at the annual Australian Sohn Investment Conference. The positions are then closed by the next conference. That is a good idea, but one year may be too short for all these investments to work out. And, sometimes, the conference has strayed off the path of sensible investments. Also, the management fees are donated to charity. I invested at the IPO.

Scale: Australian Dollars

I have been gradually reducing our exposure and moving the money to what I perceived as better opportunities. We have only 1.1% of net worth in this stock now. On the other hand, the fund has improved its performance in the last couple of years:Overall, our IRR has been 9%. Our net investment is now close to zero, so I am inclined to hold our position and see what happens. On the other hand, we could simplify things by eliminating this small position.

Investments Review 4: Mature Private Equity Investments

3i (III.L) is one of our more successful and larger investments with an IRR of 24% and a net worth share of 4.4%. Note that the scale on the graph is in Pounds Sterling. They are a UK based private equity manager. Most of the capital they manage now is proprietary capital and so you are investing in the combo of fund manager and fund. I first invested in 3i in 2008 but the position was very small until we started ramping up our investment in 2018 peaking at 5,000 shares in 2022. Since then, I sold off 1,500 shares because I was concerned that the majority of their portfolio was in a single company - Action, a European chain of discount stores. This took our net investment down to zero. A classic mature investment.😀 Obviously in retrospect we would have done better by just sticking with 3i.

 

Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX) did well for a while but then went sideways since early 2023. Overall it has achieved an IRR of 19%. With good timing, I reduced my investment dramatically at the start of the sideways period. The money was redeployed in another undervalued PE fund - CD3.AX. Since then I have added some back when it seemed a lot undervalued relative to NAV. It's now at 1.6% of net worth, which isn't that big. Hopefully, it will close more of the undervaluation gap and private equity will again do better.

Aura VF1 is a conventional Australian venture capital fund that preceded Aura VF2. Net worth share is 2.8% and IRR is 15%. Both the ramp up and now down in invested capital is dictated by the fund manager. The fund has one big success story - Shippit - and a mix of smaller successes and failures. Management fees will erode the value gradually if there are no mark ups... So we just need to wait for an exit from Shippit to get our money back. Unfortunately, exits from venture capital are still relatively few and far between.

Investments Review 3: Mature Alternative Investments

We start with our best investment ever in dollar terms: gold. 

I first invested in gold back in 2006. Then there was a long period where there was no gold investment or trading till 2018 when I inherited a gold sovereign. Maybe this sparked my interest in investing in gold again starting in 2019. We invest via gold ETFs. We gradually ramped up our investment as cash became available to the end of 2021. Since then we have maintained the gold allocation at around 10% of gross assets and withdrawn cash of around AUD 350k in total. This has gone primarily to funding venture capital investments. Total AUD profit has been almost $500k and it now constitutes 9.9% of net worth with an IRR of 16.9%. At this point this beats our venture capital investments hands down. So, on a short-term basis we should have stuck with gold. In the long term, who knows? On the other hand, this remains a large investment.

Next is our investment in Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX). It now includes hedge funds, venture investments, real assets, and private credit. We bought at the IPO and then doubled our investment a little while later. We cashed out around the post-pandemic peak and then bought back in. However, the fund has not replicated its amazing performance of 2020-21 but on the other hand has not done badly and so we have been content to let our net investment drift down with dividends and occasional trades. More recently we have added to our position again including through a share placement:

At this point, I am happy to wait and see, as it has gained 26% over the last year. Lifetime IRR is 26.5% and net worth share is 3.6%. 

Wilson Alternative Assets (WMA.AX) is another diversified alternatives fund. Unlike RF1 it continues to trade at a large discount to NAV. We ramped up our investment into 2021 and then let it drift down with distributions paid out. As a result the value of the investment has been constant for a few years but profit has slowly increased. Here I am waiting for some more closing of the gap to NAV, as when Wilson took it on they promised to close the gap or put the future of the fund to a vote.

IRR has been 10.7% and currently it makes up 3.0% of net worth.

Investments Review 2: Mature Superannuation Fund Investments

We each have an employer superannuation fund. Moominpapa has Unisuper (Sustainable Balanced Option) and Moominmama PSS(AP) (Balanced). Each is a diversified fund. PSS(AP) has more private equity, hedge funds, and real assets, while Unisuper is more public stock focused, particularly international stocks. These are two of our biggest investments. Unisuper is 10.0% of net worth and PSS(AP) 8.3%. And they have performed fairly well. Unisuper has an IRR of 10.5% and PSS(AP) 8.9%. We need to keep making contributions into these funds if we want to get the full employer superannuation contribution (I think). But we could roll over some of the money to our SMSF if we wanted. In fact, I have begun to do that using a transition to retirement pension. You can already see the effect in this graph:

 

That's the move down in the red line (net investment) on the right. This is classified as a mature investment, because profit (golden line) exceeds the red line. Back in the 1990s I contributed to Unisuper (or SSAU in the early days). You can see that saving at the left. But then I rolled it over into Colonial First State's retail fund, which allowed me to invest in a geared share fund, greatly expanding my investment. Eventually, I rolled that over into the SMSF. As will usually be the case, almost all the profit has been made since 2012 and the majority since the pandemic low.

We have "only" been investing in PSS(AP) since 2007. Again, we made no money till 2012 and the majority since March 2020:

 

The net investment or input curve is now sloping down because:

• Moominmama is now working part-time
• We only make employer contributions to the fund and make additional contributions for her to the SMSF.
• Profit is computed pre-tax and in order for the value (green) to be equal to the sum of profit and input we need to deduct the imputed tax from the input series.

So, we are kind of divesting from this fund too. 

This is what mature investments will look like - profit is still climbing though we are pulling money out of them.

Investments Review 1: Unprofitable Investments

We have six unprofitable investments:

• Tribeca Global Resources Fund (TGF.AX)
• Unpopular Ventures
• Aura VF2
• Dash Technologies/IPS
• Domacom (DCL.AX)
• Pershing Square Tontine Holdings (PSTH) 

We can only sell the first of these... You are going to see a lot of graphs like this during this investment review:

 

The red line is the net cash we have invested, the green line is the current value of the investment, and the golden line is profit. I bought this investment at the IPO (a mistake). I reviewed TGF in the previous investments review here. The investment was marketed on the basis of the high returns the team got with this strategy prior to launch. But unfortunately that performance has not been replicable. Instead, their performance has been erratic to the up and down side. I ramped up my investment by "buying the dip" until 2021 but then missed the chance to cash out at the top. Since then, net investment has declined as dividends have been paid out. But net profit has also drifted down. I guess I am hoping the managers have another bout of erratic out-performance allowing me to cash out at a profit, but I seriously wonder if I should just sell instead. Our internal rate of return (IRR) is -0.5% and the investment is 2.8% of net worth

What's up with all the other unprofitable investments that we can't do anything about?

Unpopular Ventures is a venture fund on Angellist. We contribute USD 10k per quarter to their "rolling fund" and occasionally invest in some of their syndicates. The investments have so far generated a little net profit. But the fund is managed on a 2 and 20 basis and you pay ten years of 2% annual management fees up front! So, each investment in the Rolling Fund is immediately marked down by 20% or so.

Our internal rate of return is -7% indicating the underlying profitability. And their funds from the years immediately prior to our initial investment have done very well. So, we could stop making new contributions here, but I think we can continue until the fund is at 5% of net worth say. We are now at 3.5%.

Aura VF2 is a conventional Australian venture fund that is still making capital calls. One of their early investments, Lygon, went bust but has been restructured. This is the main reason the investment is down. Some of their other investments are doing well. The IRR is -3% and the investment is 2.6% of net worth.

Dash Technologies took over Integrated Portfolio Solutions, which was an Aura Venture investment. Unfortunately, IPS didn't manage to make the breakthrough they hoped for when we invested in the syndicate. The takeover was for a mix of cash and shares in Dash. Half the cash has been distributed, the rest is coming later this year. The remaining investment is 0.6% of net worth. The IRR has been -5%.

Domacom provides fractionalised investments in real estate in Australia. It is currently suspended from the ASX. My investment thesis was that the company was likely to be acquired by a larger financial institution that could leverage the investment through its distribution network. But that never happened and I missed the opportunity to get out during the previous period when the company was relisted on the exchange. It has gone through a lot of recapitalizations and things are again looking up. It is only 0.1% of net worth with a -36% IRR!

Finally, PSTH was a SPAC vehicle set up by Pershing Square Holdings. It tried to acquire Universal Music Group but was blocked. Ackman has restructured the company and claims to be still looking for targets. So, it has zero carrying value and it is a case of wait and see. The IRR has been -13%.

 

 

Investments Review: 2025 Edition

I have been closing some investments that I wasn't happy with, but it's several years since I systematically reviewed my investments. Currently, we "only" have around 30 investments if we bundle micro-investments with Unpopular Ventures and Masterworks into two single investments. But it could still be too many. This time I want to look at things in a different way. Instead of looking at asset classes, I will look at investments based on their maturity.

A mature investment has total profit that is greater than the net cash invested. This could be because either it has been super-successful or because we have pulled out part or all of our original investment. The remaining investments are either profitable or unprofitable. It looks like we have 12-13 investments in each of the mature and profitable baskets and 6 in the unprofitable basket. I think I'll start with the unprofitable basket as it is easiest to deal with.

January 2025 Report

In January, the Australian Dollar rose slightly from USD 0.6196 to USD 0.6237 meaning that USD investment returns are a little better than AUD investment returns. It was our second best month ever in absolute Australian Dollar terms (after November 2024). Stock indices and other benchmarks performed as follows (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 3.38%

S&P 500: 2.78%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 1.35% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Indices

ASX 200: 4.57%

Target Portfolio: 2.82% (forecast)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 2.47%

We gained 4.59% in Australian Dollar terms or 5.12% in US Dollar terms. So we outperformed all benchmarks.

The SMSF returned 6.11%, compared to Unisuper at 2.16% and PSS(AP) at 1.72%.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. RoW stocks (mostly Defi Technologies) gained 8.4% and made the largest contribution to returns followed by gold. Several asset classes lost money, futures including bitcoin lost the most and made the most negative contribution to returns.

Things that worked well this month:

• Bitcoin (AUD 65k), Defi Technologies (DEFI.NE, 53k), gold (44k), Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L, 39k), 3i (III.L, 26k), Unisuper (14k), US Residential Masters (URF.AX, 11k).
  

What really didn't work:

• WAM Alternatives (WMA.AX) was the worst performer but only lost 3k.
  

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for three indices. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. Our rate of return is now higher than the ASX200 and we have much lower volatility, resulting in a Sharpe ratio of 1.01 vs. 0.53. Our alpha relative to the ASX200 increased to 4.95% with a beta of only 0.46. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of much higher volatility. Our USD volatility is at least less than that of the MSCI index, but our return is more than two percentage points lower.

We moved further away from our target allocation this month as "futures" and rest of the world stocks allocations continued to grow. We are now most overweight rest of the world stocks followed by futures, which includes bitcoin. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these to the SMSF (around AUD 4k net contribution per month). I made the following additional moves this month:

• I sold out of our remaining position in Cadence Capital (CDM.AX). I got tired of waiting for something to happen in this fund. We still have a position (about 2.5% of net worth) in Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX), which sometimes performs better than CDM. 
• I bought 200 shares of the Fidelity bitcoin ETF (FBTC).
• I sold 1,000 shares of the Perth Mint gold ETF (PMGOLD.AX).
• I bought 3,000 shares of the WCM Global Quality active ETF (WCMQ.AX).
  

Performance of Individual Investments 2024

This post breaks down the investment returns for 2024 at a very granular level. Other costs and benefits like interest and fees and exchange rate gains and losses are not included here. I also don't go down to the level of the very small individual investments inside the Masterworks and Unpopular Ventures boxes. All numbers are in Australian Dollars.

The grey shaded investments are ones we no longer hold (some were short term trades or investments). The numbers in yellow are total wins and losses and in green the total investments return. Last year's results are here. Some of the same investments were again major winners this year: 3i (III.L), gold, Unisuper, and PSSAP. Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) moved down the league table a bit this year. There are two newcomers in the top three: Defi Technologies (DEFI.NE) and Bitcoin. Gold also returned nearly three times the amount it did in 2023. These pushed 3i down from the top spot to fourth place.

Some of the same investments were again losers this year. On the other hand, the Cadence funds, Regal Partners, Aura VF2, and APSEC moved from losing last year to gaining more than $10k this year.

The top investments are mostly our biggest. 3i is relatively small though at 4% of the portfolio and our Pershing Square position is slightly bigger than our Defi Technologies position but did not perform as well this year.

The Banana Zone

So I wore this shirt to lunch with a couple of friends today:

After the first friend left, I was saying how I hated buying clothes (because it is hard to get stuff that fits), but the shirt I was wearing was new. So, he asked me about the Banana Zone. After I explained, he asked whether he should invest some of the extra money he wanted to put into superannuation earlier or wait for the end of the financial year. I told him that it really mostly applied to cryptocurrency. He mentioned that he was trying to reach the transfer balance cap. I said: "I've gone over that". He was surprised as I had only had $1.6 million when we had recently discussed this.* "What did you do?" "Cryptocurrency!" Then he was like: "You need to sell now, Warren Buffett would never do that." (I'm paraphrasing). I said that I did plan to sell this year... "Why are you making such risky late moves?" "To buy a $4 million house".

The $4 million house is an inside joke. We recently visited our friends' newly built house that was mentioned in the linked blogpost. It cost them a total of $4 million in the end, but probably isn't worth as much now. Buying and knocking down an existing house destroys value and property prices at the high end here have softened.

* At that time, I said I didn't want to make much more in non-concessional contributions, as I'd probably hit the transfer balance cap by investment gains anyway, and Labor's plan to tax balances over $3 million was looming.

Updated Annual Performance

I said that I would update the annual performance numbers after receiving all private investment returns for the year. The final number for 2024 in AUD terms was 23.30% up from 23.18%. Aura Venture Fund II made a nice gain in the final quarter but Aura Venture Fund I was marked down a little due to ongoing management costs probably.

The Australian Reports on Superannuation Fund Performance for the 2024 Calendar Year

The Australian reports on the best performing super funds for 2024. They focus on lifecycle, balanced, and sustainable options. I am sure there is some retail super option invested in international shares that did better than these. How did we do? I compute our SMSF returns pre-tax, while super funds report post-tax results. But anyway, our SMSF gained 34.1%! Estimated pre-tax numbers for Unisuper and PSS(AP) balanced options were 14.3% and 13.4%, respectively.

Annual Report 2024

We are still waiting for the Aura venture funds to report, but I am guessing their values will be unchanged. So, now we can compute reasonably accurate annual accounts. All $ signs in this report indicate Australian Dollars. I'll do a separate report on individual investments. I do a report breaking down spending after the end of the financial year. I'll probably do another report on our SMSF performance then.

Overview 

Investment returns were positive and net worth again increased. We did a lot better than in 2023. This was a direct result of my dis-satisfaction with the 2023 result and my determination to do better. We came in way ahead of the best case net worth projection I made in the 2023 report of $6.7 million with an end of year total of $7.4 million. We took a vacation in Maroochydore, Queensland in July and in December we travelled overseas for the first time since before the pandemic to China and Thailand. I did some short business trips to Sydney during the year as well. My 60th birthday was in December and I started a transition to retirement pension in that month.

Investment Return

In Australian Dollar terms we gained 23.1% for the year while in USD terms we gained 12.1%. The big gap is because the Australian Dollar fell. The MSCI gained 18.0% and the S&P 500 25.0% in USD terms while the ASX 200 gained 13.2% in AUD terms. The HFRI hedge fund index gained 9.6% in USD terms. Our target portfolio gained 19.2% in AUD terms. The new Vanguard 60/40 AUD benchmark only returned 12.4%. So, we under-performed the US Dollar stock indices but outperformed the other benchmarks. 

This chart compares our portfolio to the benchmarks in Australian Dollar terms over the year:

 

I can be happy with this. Beating US tech stocks is hard! The following chart shows monthly returns in Australian Dollar terms:

 

This shows that our out-performance mainly came towards the end of the year. We beat the target portfolio in seven of the twelve months and the 60/40 portfolio in eight of the months.

 

Here are our annualized returns over various standard periods:

 

There is a big improvement over last year. We beat the ASX 200, HFRI, the target portfolio, and the 60/40 portfolio over the last 5 years. We also beat HFRI over the longer time horizons and are close to the target return over 10 years. But we performed much worse than the US stock indices over all time horizons and the ASX 200 and the target portfolio over the 20 year time horizon. The positive news is that our performance is better in the last 10 years than in the previous 10 years. Though not shown here, we also match the target performance over the last 15 years since the GFC. As a result, I have begun to use the returns of the target portfolio over 20 years to project our future returns. I lost big in the GFC due to using too much leverage. I now use only 10-15% leverage and much of that is our mortgage.

Here are the investment returns and contributions of each asset class in 2024 in currency neutral and unlevered terms:

 

The contributions to return from each asset class sum to the total portfolio return. The portfolio shares are at the beginning of the year. Rest of the world stocks did best, because of the performance of Defi Technologies, followed by futures, which includes bitcoin, and gold. These three also made the largest contributions to the total return. All asset classes had positive returns but real assets, private equity, and hedge funds did not perform that well despite some strong individual performers in those asset classes.

Investment Allocation

There were significant changes in asset allocation over the year:

 

Cash, futures, and rest of the world stocks increased their shares, while hedge funds, Australian small cap, US stocks, and bonds reduced their shares by quite a lot. Other asset classes changed their shares by 1% or less.

Accounts

Here are our annual accounts in Australian Dollars: 

Percentage changes are for the total numbers. There are lots of quirks in the way I compute the accounts, which have gradually evolved over time. There is an explanation at the end of this post. 

We earned $208k after tax in salary etc. Total non-investment earnings including retirement contributions were $240k, up 14% on 2022. I'm quite surprised by that increase! Part of it seems to be from timing of payments as well as larger tax refunds.

 

We gained (pre-tax including unrealized capital gains) $577k on non-retirement account investments. A chunk of the gains were due to the fall in the Australian Dollar (forex). We gained $562k on retirement accounts with $32k in employer retirement contributions. The value of our house is estimated to have risen by $51k. As a result, investment gains totaled $1.194M and total income $1.435M.

 

Total spending (doesn't include mortgage payments, life insurance, margin interest etc.) of $169k is up 13% on last year. Again, I am surprised by the size of the increase. Our spending including mortgage interest (but not principal repayments) seems to be up by only 5%. We did reduce our mortgage interest a lot by increasing the cash in our offset account.

 

$20k of the current pre-tax investment income was tax credits – we don't actually get that money so we need to deduct it to get to the change in net worth. We saved $38k from salaries etc. before making contributions of $26k to the SMSF. I also record an $8k "inheritance", which are gifts we received, mostly on our trip to China. Current net worth increased by $577k.

Taxes on superannuation returns are just estimated because, though we know the tax paid by the SMSF, our employer superannuation funds only report after tax returns. I estimate this tax to make retirement and non-retirement investment returns comparable. The total estimated tax on superannuation was $20k. Net worth of retirement accounts increased by $600k after the transfer from current savings. With the gain in the value of our house, total net worth increased by $1.228M.

Projections

Last year my best case scenario for 2024 was for an increase in net worth of $500k to $6.7 million. We actually reached $7.4 million. For this year, my base case scenario is simply a 10% increase in net worth to $8.2 million. The bear case is for a 10% decline to $6.7 million. In 2022, our net worth only fell by 0.7%, so this is very bearish. What about the best case scenario? This is going to seem crazy but I project double the percentage increase of 2024 for a net worth of $10 million. Told you it was crazy.

Notes to the Accounts

Current account includes everything that is not related to retirement accounts and housing account income and spending. Then the other two are fairly self-explanatory. However, property taxes etc. are included in the current account. Since we notionally converted the mortgage to an investment loan, mortgage interest is counted in current investment costs. So, the only item in the housing account now is increases or decreases in the value of our house. This simplified the accounts a lot but I still keep a lot of cells in the spreadsheet that might again be used in the future.

 

Current other income is reported after tax, while investment income is reported pre-tax. Net tax on investment income then gets subtracted from current income as our annual tax refund or extra payment gets included there. Retirement investment income gets reported pre-tax too while retirement contributions are after tax. For retirement accounts, "tax credits" is the imputed tax on investment earnings which is used to compute pre-tax earnings from the actual received amounts. For non-retirement accounts, "tax credits" are actual franking credits received on Australian dividends and the tax withheld on foreign investment income. Both of these are included in the pre-tax earning but are not actually received month to month as cash.... 

 

For current accounts "core expenditure" takes out business expenses that will be refunded by our employers and some one-off expenditures. This year, I didn't bother to note these, which amounted to about $1,000. "Saving" is the difference between "other income" net of transfers to other columns and spending in that column, while "change in net worth" also includes the investment income.

Went Over the Transfer Balance Cap

Intramonth, I've blasted through the transfer balance cap. This is the limit of AUD 1.9 million that you can transfer from an Australian superannuation account into a tax free pension when you retire or reach 65 years old. I'm now nearer AUD 2 million. The important thing is that when you exceed this limit you can no longer make "non-concessional" (post-tax) contributions to superannuation. However, I can continue to make recontributions to superannuation from my transition to retirement pension until the end of June this year. This is because this rule depends on your balance at the beginning of the current financial year, which in Australia starts at the beginning of July. But if I do stay over the AUD 1.9 million level on 30 June this year, I won't be able to make non-concessional contributions to my account next financial year. Instead, I will make them to Moominmama's account.

P.S. 20 January

The Australian is reporting today that the transfer balance cap is likely to be raised to AUD 2 million next July.

Bought a New Phone

I bought my existing phone, a Google Pixel 3a, just before the pandemic in early 2020. The battery has less and less life, it only has 64GB of storage, which is nearing being full, it is only 4G, the case is falling apart (and probably can't get a replacement), and obviously it is not getting any security updates etc. So I decided it was time to buy a new phone. I got a new Pixel 7a online with an original Google case for about AUD 500. This was actually cheaper than a high quality refurbished one. Replacing the battery in the existing phone was another alternative which would cost close to AUD 200.

I don't understand why people buy phones for more than AUD 1,000...

Big Moomin's and Little Moomin's Investment Returns for 2024

A year ago, we reconfigured Big Moomin's portfolio, which is managed by my brother, to provide better investment returns. This really paid off this year with a return of 34.4% in Australian Dollar terms. He now has AUD 73,230 in his account overtaking Little Moomin, who was ahead but now has only AUD 63,650. Little Moomin's pre-tax return is estimated at 15.0%, which at least beat the ASX200. But you have to take off the 30% investment bond tax to find out what he actually received, which is nearer 10%.* I am wondering if my balanced investment strategy is too conservative for Little Moomin.

* Actually, I take the reported 10.3% after-tax return and add back the 30% tax to get an estimated pre-tax return. The latter is definitely exaggerated because franking credits on some funds reduce the tax paid.

December 2024 Report

The numbers in this report may change a little once all data on private investments becomes available. I will write an annual report after all the data are in. In December, the Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6515 to USD 0.6196. Stock indices and other benchmarks performed as follows (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): -2.33%

S&P 500: -2.38%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: -0.20% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Indices

ASX 200: -3.10%

Target Portfolio: 0.57% (forecast)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: -0.34%

We gained 1.50% in Australian Dollar terms or -3.48% in US Dollar terms. So we underperformed the USD benchmarks and outperformed the AUD benchmarks.

The SMSF returned 3.58%, compared to Unisuper at 0.43% and PSS(AP) at 0.05%.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and do not include investment expenses such as margin interest, and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. RoW stocks (mostly Defi Technologies) gained 8.4% and made the largest contribution to returns followed by gold. Several asset classes lost money, futures including bitcoin lost the most and made the most negative contribution to returns.

Things that worked well this month:

• Defi Technologies (DEFI.NE) gained AUD 37k, followed by gold at 17k, Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) at 15k, and Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX) at 13k.
  

What really didn't work:

• Bitcoin lost AUD 30k, followed by Australian Dollar Futures at 22k, and 3i (III.L) at 10k.
  

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give the same statistics for three indices. The middle block gives our performance relative to the indices. Our rate of return is now higher than the ASX200 and we have much lower volatility, resulting in a Sharpe ratio of 1.00 vs. 0.54. Our alpha relative to the ASX200 increased to 4.71% with a beta of only 0.46. We capture much less of the downside moves than the upside moves in the market. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of much higher volatility. Our volatility in USD terms is now a little lower than the MSCI World Index, but our rate of return is much lower.

We maintained our distance from the target allocation this month. We are now most overweight rest of the world stocks. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. I am now receiving TTR pension payments from both Unisuper and our SMSF and contributing more than the total of these to the SMSF (around AUD 4k net contribution per month). I made the following additional moves this month:

• I bought AUD 30k worth of shares in Regal Investment Fund's (RF1.AX) capital raising.
  
• I bought 100 shares of FBTC, Fidelity's bitcoin ETF. We now have a total position of around 5 bitcoins.

Who to Follow on Crypto?

I've managed to build some confidence in investing in bitcoin and the larger crypto ecosystem by following a few key people:

Oscar Carboni: Technical analyst and futures trader. His analysis of bitcoin prompted me to first get into bitcoin.

Didi Taihuttu: Digital nomad who went all in on bitcoin after previously mining bitcoin. Very skilled at technical analysis of bitcoin.

Anthony Pompliano: Entrepreneur in crypto space. He sold his company Reflexivity Research to Defi Technologies. His analysis of DEFI.NE prompted me to invest.

Raoul Pal: Former hedge fund manager who provides macro-investing services as well as crypto commentary. He links crypto trends to broader macro and especially "liquidity".

November 2024 Report

In November, the Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6564 to USD 0.6515. Stock indices and other benchmarks performed as follows (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): 3.77%

S&P 500: 5.87%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: 1.51% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Indices

ASX 200: 3.96%

Target Portfolio: 2.43% (forecast)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 2.47%

We gained 5.89% in Australian Dollar terms or 5.10% in US Dollar terms. So we outperformed all benchmarks apart from the S&P 500. This was the best month ever in dollar terms with a return of AUD 332k (previous best 192k in July 2022, 333k in currency neutral terms, previous best 225k in April 2020). In percentage return terms this was only the 16th best month, but the highest since 2015. We simply have a less volatile portfolio these days. We also went over the next million Australian dollar milestone.

The SMSF returned 11.38%, its best performance to date, compared to Unisuper at 1.76% and PSS(AP) at 2.29%. I had to extend the y-axis on the rate of return graph twice:

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. RoW stocks (mostly Defi Technologies) and futures (mostly bitcoin) both gained more than 20%. Gold was the only asset class that lost money.

Things that worked well this month:

• Bitcoin and Defi Technologies gained AUD 226k and 182k, respectively. These are 3-4 times more than the biggest monthly gain on an individual investment previously. Also gaining more than AUD 10k were 3i (III.L) at 36k, Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L) at 29k, PSS(AP) 12k, and Unisuper at 11k.
  

What really didn't work:

• Gold (-AUD 24k), Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX, -20k), and Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX, -13k) all lost more than AUD 10k.
  

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give results for three indices. Our performance fell back this month compared to the ASX200 but, as we have much lower volatility, we have a higher Sharpe ratio of 0.93 vs. 0.55. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of much higher volatility. We have a positive alpha relative to the ASX200 of 3.97% with a beta of only 0.47.

We moved away our target allocation this month as our bitcoin and Defi Technologies positions grew. We are most underweight cash and most overweight futures. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. This month we received tax refunds of AUD 27k. I made the following additional moves this month:

• I paid an AUD 37.5k capital call from Aura.
• I sold 10k shares of Hearts and Minds (HM1.AX).
• I sold 400 shares of the Putnam BDC ETF (PBDC).
  
• I redeemed AUD 60k of units in the Winton Global Alpha Fund.
• I took part in the Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) share purchase plan, buying AUD 30k of shares.
  
• I bought 500 shares of the Fidelty Bitcoin ETF (FBTC). We now have 5,500 shares, which is close to 5 bitcoins.

Regal Funds Share Purchase Plan

Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) is doing a share placement and a share purchase plan (SPP). Under the SPP you can buy up to AUD 30k of shares at the recent NAV of AUD 3.41. They have made an official 20% average rate of return since inception. My internal rate of return is higher than this. So, I think I should take up all of this, but don't have anything I want to sell in the SMSF's brokerage accounts. I could either make an additional AUD 30k non-concessional superannuation contribution to my account or withdraw something from one of the SMSF futures investments. It's probably the last chance to make non-concessional contributions to my account, as I could hit the balance transfer cap of AUD 1.9 million by 30 June 2025. Also, the futures investments have been weak recently, so I think they might see a return to the mean in terms of performance and selling now might not be a good move.

Australian Government Spending

When you get your notice of assessment from the Australian Taxation Office when they have processed your tax return, they send you statement of how the government spends your taxes, which they quaintly call a receipt:

I was a bit surprised by how little interest they are paying. Only a 2.3% average rate of interest and 3.8% of the budget.

Note that this tax total doesn't include the Medicare Levy, which was another $4,411 tax that I paid.

Gold vs. Bitcoin

 

Our bitcoin position is now more valuable than our gold position. 11.5% of net worth is in bitcoin and 10.2% in gold both via ETFs. We also have 4.5% of net worth in crypto company Defi Technologies. Defi is up 215% since we first invested, bitcoin 78%, and gold 94% (since January 2019). I bought shares in gold ETFs earlier but this was when our current series of investments started. Our return should be lower in all of these as we added to the investments gradually.

It's Feeling Crazy Again

Things are starting to feel a bit crazy again. Yesterday, I was thinking: "Maybe this account could reach AUD 500k today!" It has a 69% return in the last year. All the P&L and changes numbers are for one day.

October 2024 Report

In October, the Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6913 to USD 0.6564, so US Dollar returns are lower than Australian Dollar returns this month. This was an average month in terms of investing activity. Stock indices and other benchmarks performed as follows (total returns including dividends):

US Dollar Indices

MSCI World Index (gross): -2.21%

S&P 500: -0.91%

HFRI Hedge Fund Index: -0.15% (forecast)

Australian Dollar Indices

ASX 200: -1.29%

Target Portfolio: 2.71% (forecast)

Australian 60/40 benchmark: 0.28%

We gained 2.09% in Australian Dollar terms or lost 3.10% in US Dollar terms. So we underperformed US Dollar indices and the target portfolio but outperformed ASX and Vanguard benchmarks.

The SMSF returned -0.75% compared to Unisuper at 1.47% and PSS(AP) at 0.79%.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral terms as the rate of return on gross assets and so the total differs from the Australian Dollar returns on net assets mentioned above. RoW stocks (mostly Defi Technologies) lost a lot of money and private equity a little. Gold had the highest rate of return and made the greatest contribution to overall return.

Things that worked well this month:

• Gold and bitcoin gained AUD 62k and 41k respectively. The gain in gold is a new record amount for a gain in a single investment in one month. Regal Investment Fund (RF1.AX) gained 12k.
  

What really didn't work:

• Defi Technologies lost AUD 44k more than offsetting the gain in bitcoin. Australian Dollar futures lost AUD 21k.
  

Here are the investment performance statistics for the last five years:

The top three lines give our performance in USD and AUD terms, while the last three lines give results for three indices. Our performance fell back this month compared to the ASX200 but, as we have much lower volatility, we have a higher Sharpe ratio of 0.88 vs. 0.55. But as we optimize for Australian Dollar performance, our USD statistics are much worse. We do beat the HFRI hedge fund index in terms of return, but at the expense of much higher volatility. We have a positive alpha relative to the ASX200 of 3.33% with a beta of only 0.46.

We moved towards our target allocation this month. We are most underweight cash and most overweight rest of the world stocks. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer superannuation contributions every two weeks. We contribute USD 10k each quarter to the Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. This month we had returns of capital from my investment in Integrated Portfolio Solutions (AUD 41k) and Aura VF1 (6k) and lots of dividends. We were also issued shares in Dash - the company acquiring IPS. I made the following additional moves this month:

• I sold 50k shares of Cadence Capital (CDM.AX) and bought 25k shares of Cadence Opportunities (CDO.AX). These were in different accounts. Until last month these two funds returns became more and more correlated until suddenly there has been a change in behaviour and an outsize gain in Cadence Opportunities. CDO is supposed to have a shorter term horizon and be more opportunistic.
  
• I bought 500 shares of the Fidelity bitcoin ETF (FBTC).
• I sold 1000 shares of the Perth Mint gold ETF (PMGOLD.AX). So I swapped this amount of gold for bitcoin.
  

Transition to Retirement

I am thinking of setting up a transition to retirement pension (TTR pension). This allows you to receive regular payouts from your superannuation once you reach the age of 60 even though you are still working. I will be 60 years old in about 6 weeks time! There are lots of strategies this can be used. In my case, I am thinking to continue working full time at least for the next year and to recontribute all the payout to superannuation as non-concessional contributions (post-tax contributions). This has two advantages: 

1. It will convert money that was contributed as concessional contributions (at the 15% or 30% contributions tax rate) and earned as investment returns into non-concessional contributions. If my children inherit some of my superannuation when they are past the age of 18 they then won't need to pay tax on this part of the payout. The "death tax" is only on concessional contributions and fund earnings.
2. Once I hit the transfer balance cap, of currently $1.9 million, I can contribute the money to my wife's superannuation instead. I am currently at $1.7 million and she is at $800k. So, there is still a lot of unused capacity there. 

When you retire or reach age 65 you can transfer money up to the transfer balance cap into a zero taxed pension account. Money over the limit stays in an accumulation account where earnings are taxed at 15% (10% for long term CGT). The TTR pension does not affect the calculation of the transfer balance cap unless you are still holding it at age 65 when it becomes a regular tax free pension account.

My Unisuper account is close to 100% concessional contributions and earnings. So, I would start with that and transfer $600k to a pension account and pay out 10% of it each year, which is the maximum withdrawal rate. You have to leave some money in the accumulation account to receive new contributions... But actually 60% of my SuperGuardian account is also concessional contributions and earnings, and so it would make sense to transfer $400k from that into a TTR pension account too. So I would be withdrawing $100k per year and recontributing. The reason I wouldn't withdraw the maximum annual non-concessional contribution level of $110k is because my employer contributes more than the allowed cap on concessional contributions each year and the excess becomes non-concessional contributions.*

The downside to recontributing to my wife's superannuation is that I could make those contributions from non-superannuation money resulting in getting even more money into super. After all, even if you have more than $1.9 million in super, the amount above the limit is concessionally taxed compared to non-super investments.** But right now I am not making those contributions. Instead, I have been building up a pile of cash offsetting our mortgage. This is partly to reduce our interest bill but also part of a plan to buy a more expensive house in the future. So, as long as I was planning on saving to buy a house, I wouldn't make non-concessional contributions to her account.

Anyway, I sent an email to Unisuper yesterday expressing my interest in TTR pensions and asking what the next step is. 

Originally, I planned on switching to half time work when I reached 60 years old, but I seem to have fallen victim to the one more year syndrome. Seems silly to sacrifice $120k in pre-tax salary and superannuation just to have a bit easier time in the teaching half of my year. Also, my university is enacting a major cost-cutting exercise that likely will see more than 500 jobs cut in total. Academic jobs will not be cut till next year. They are not putting in a voluntary redundancy scheme. But I figure that if I am made redundant then I will get a bigger payout if I am still working full time. I could be wrong about that.

* That's why my Unisuper account isn't 100% concessional contributions and earnings.

** The government plans to tax superannuation in excess of a $3 million threshold at higher rates that include unrealised capital gains. But I think the senate will not pass that legislation and we are still a long way from the $3 million level.