February 2022 Report

In February, stock markets fell again. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) fell 2.83% and the S&P 500 2.44% in USD terms, while the ASX 200 lost 2.25% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.7113 to USD 0.6740. We also lost money: 0.47% in Australian Dollar terms or 5.69% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio gained 0.72% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index is expected to lose about 0.83% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed the ASX200 but under-performed all the other benchmarks.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I then add in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return. One reason that we underperformed the target portfolio benchmark is the very negative returns we got for rest of world stocks and to a lesser degree hedge funds. The Australian Dollar cash price of gold was breakeven for the month, so I also don't understand why PMGOLD.AX lost value, especially as I bought some extra shares during the month at a price that was lower than the end of month price...

Real assets were the main positive contributor to returns and the highest returning asset class while hedge funds were the largest detractor.

Things that worked well this month:

• URF.AX (US residential real estate) was the biggest gainer adding AUD 11k, followed by two managed futures funds: Winton Global Alpha (9k) and Aspect Diversified Futures (6k).
  

What really didn't work: 

• Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX) lost AUD 30k. The next worse were the China Fund (CHN, -19k) and Australian Dollar Futures (-15k).
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The MSCI is reported in USD terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture, positive alpha, and higher Sharpe Ratio against the ASX200 but not the USD benchmarks. We are performing about 3.3% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.77 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recently.

We are now very close to our target allocation but we mived away from it quite sharply during the month. In particular, real assets increased as we added to URF.AX and it rose, while private equity fell as we took profits in PE1.AX. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

 

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition, we made the following investment moves this month:

• I bought 1,000 shares of the gold ETF, PMGOLD.AX.
• I sold 4,000 shares of WAM Leaders (WLE.AX).
• I sold 59,976 shares of Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX).
• I bought 29,638 shares of the Cordish-Dixon private equity fund CD3.AX.
• I bought 25,000 shares of MCP Income Opportunities private credit fund (MOT.AX).
• I bought 65,000 shares of URF.AX (US residential real estate).
  

January 2022 Report

In January, stock markets rebounded. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) gained 7.19% and the S&P 500 6.28% in USD terms, and the ASX 200 gained 6.23% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6816 to USD 0.7113. We gained 2.21% in Australian Dollar terms or 6.66% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio rose 1.45% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index around 2.8% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed the S&P 500, the HFRI, and our target portfolio and under-performed the others.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

All asset classes had positive returns. Private equity was the largest contributor to returns Followed by hedge funds, while RoW stocks had the highest return.

Things that worked well this month:

• 3i (III.L) rose strongly, gaining AUD 22k. Tribeca (TGF.AX 18k), Unisuper (15k), PSSAP (14k), China Fund (CHN, 13k), and Hearts and Minds (HM1, 10k) all contributed more than AUD 10k.
  

What really didn't work: 

• Three managed futures funds all lost money, with Winton Global Alpha losing the most (AUD 4k).
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The MSCI is reported in USD terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 and the MSCI but not against the hedge fund index. We have a higher Sharpe Index than the ASX200 but lower than the MSCI in USD terms. We are performing about 2.6% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.75 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recently.

We are now very close to our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition, we made the following investment moves this month:

• I bought 1,000 shares of the China Fund, CHN.
• I bought 3,000 shares of Ruffer Investment Company, RICA.L.
  

Annual Report 2022

Overview 
This was the first year that our net worth fell since 2008. Investment returns were negative but the value of our house increased a bit and we did save some money.* We were far short of the best case projection I made at the beginning of the year of a net worth of AUD 6.7 million. In my academic career, I spent a lot of time this year working on preparing and then teaching a new course, though I did get at least one newish research project completed. I was supposedly on long service leave for the first three months of the year but didn't really get to take any time off. This year, I plan on taking it a bit easier in the first half of the year before focusing on teaching in the second half of the year. Teaching was more in person this year and so a bit more enjoyable. I didn't leave the Canberra region all year since getting back from the coast right after New Year's Day.

 

All $ signs in this report indicate Australian Dollars. I'll do a separate report on individual investments. I do a report breaking down of spending after the end of the financial year.

 

Investment Returns 
In Australian Dollar terms we lost 3.7% for the year but in USD terms we lost 9.6% because of the fall in the Australian Dollar over the year. The MSCI lost 18.0% in USD terms but the ASX 200 gained 0.9% in AUD terms. The HFRI hedge fund index lost 1.5% in USD terms. Our target portfolio lost 4.2% in AUD terms. So, we beat the MSCI and the target portfolio benchmarks this year but not the ASX 200 or HFRI Index. 

 

This chart compares our portfolio to the benchmarks in Australian Dollar terms over the year:

 

We tracked the target portfolio quite closely. It acted as a less volatile weighted average of Australian and international equity markets. Here are the same indices in US Dollar terms with the target portfolio replaced by the HFRI hedge fund index:

 

The HFRI had very low volatility and the strongest relative performance. In USD terms, our portfolio was much more volatile than in Ausrtalian Dollar terms as intended.

 

Here are annualized returns over various standard periods:

Benchmark returns have now mostly decreased over time. We have similar performance to the ASX 200 over ten years but much worse over twenty. We beat the HFRI over all the longer time horizons. We had particularly good relative performance over the three year horizon. Whether you think our performance is good or bad depends on what you think the default alternative investment is. If it is an ASX 200 index fund, then we are doing in the last ten years. If it is a global stock index fund then not so good over horizons longer than three years. If you think it is our target portfolio then we are doing well.

Here are the investment returns and contributions of each asset class in 2022:

The contributions to return from each asset class sum to the total portfolio return in gross asset and currency neutral terms. I then add on the contributions of leverage and the Australian Dollar to get the AUD net worth return. The portfolio shares are at the beginning of the year. Futures and gold did best and contributed most to the return. Private equity and real assets had small positive returns. Australian small cap stocks and foreign equities all did very badly.

Investment Allocation 

There weren't large changes in asset allocation over the year:

 

Mainly, real assets fluctuated with our exposure to URF.AX, which is a very levered (effectively) US residential real estate fund.

Accounts
Here are our annual accounts in Australian Dollars: 

 

Percentage changes are for the total numbers. There are lots of quirks in the way I compute the accounts, which have gradually evolved over time. There is an explanation at the end of this post. 

We earned $153k after tax in salary etc. Total non-investment earnings including retirement contributions were $183k, down 9% on 2021. This was due to increased tax payments, fewer non-salary earnings, and fewer employee contributions to Moominmama's employer superannuation fund. We lost (pre-tax including unrealized capital gains) $166k on non-retirement account investments. A small amount of the gains were due to the fall in the Australian Dollar (forex). We lost $15k on retirement accounts with $30k in employer retirement contributions. The value of our house is estimated to have risen by $133k. As a result, the investment loss totaled -$45k and total income $139k.

 

Total spending (doesn't include mortgage payments) of $152k was again up 12% for the year. Spending was almost exactly equal to after-tax non-investment income. We saved just $488 from salaries etc.

$25k of the current pre-tax investment income was tax credits – we don't actually get that money so we need to deduct it to get to the change in net worth. We transferred $120k into retirement accounts the SMSF from existing savings. This included $20k as a concessional contribution for Moominmama. Therefore, looking at just saving from non-investment income, we dissaved $120k. The change in current net worth, was therefore -$306k.

Taxes on superannuation returns are just estimated because apart from tax paid by the SMSF all we get to see are the after tax returns. I estimate this tax to make retirement and non-retirement returns comparable. The total implicit tax on supernnuation was a negative $1k because we lost money. Net worth of retirement accounts increased by $136k after the transfer from current savings.

 

Finally, total net worth fell by $37k.

Projections
Last year my baseline projection for 2022 was for a 16% rate of return, no increase in the value of our home, flat other income, and 6% growth in spending. This resulted in projected net worth increasing by $800k to around $6.7 million. Obviously, we came nowhere near this projection.

 

This year the baseline projection (best case scenario) is for an 11.2% investment rate of return in AUD terms (assuming the Australian Dollar rises to 75 US cents), inflation of 7.6% and an 11% nominal increase in spending, and about a 3% increase in other income, leading to an $550k increase in net worth to around $6.5 million or a 9% increase. This would be very little gain in real terms after inflation. But, again, anything could happen.

 
Notes to the Accounts
Current account includes everything that is not related to retirement accounts and housing account income and spending. Then the other two are fairly self-explanatory. However, property taxes etc. are included in the current account. Since we notionally converted the mortgage to an investment loan, mortgage interest is counted in current investment costs. So, the only item in the housing account now is increases or decreases in the value of our house. This simplified the accounts a lot but I still keep a lot of cells in the spreadsheet that might again be used in the future.

 

Current other income is reported after tax, while investment income is reported pre-tax. Net tax on investment income then gets subtracted from current income as our annual tax refund or extra payment gets included there. Retirement investment income gets reported pre-tax too while retirement contributions are after tax. For retirement accounts, "tax credits" is the imputed tax on investment earnings which is used to compute pre-tax earnings from the actual received amounts. For non-retirement accounts, "tax credits" are actual franking credits received on Australian dividends and the tax withheld on foreign investment income. Both of these are included in the pre-tax earning but are not actually received month to month as cash.... 

 

For current accounts "core expenditure" takes out business expenses that will be refunded by our employers and some one-off expenditures. This year, there are none of those one-off expenditures. "Saving" is the difference between "other income" net of transfers to other columns and spending in that column, while "change in net worth" also includes the investment income.

 

* Venture capital returns haven't been reported yet for the December 2022 valuation, but I don't expect them to make a big difference.

December 2022 Report

Venture capital returns won't be reported for another month, but I expect them to be flat, so that the final numbers are not far from what they are now. In December, stock markets fell. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) lost 3.90%, the S&P 500 5.76% in USD terms, and the ASX 200 3.13% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6788 to USD 0.6816. We lost 1.24% in Australian Dollar terms or 0.83% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio is expected to lose 2.43% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index around 1.3% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed all benchmarks.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Only gold and private equity had positive returns. Gold was the biggest contributor to returns and hedge funds the greatest detractor.

Things that worked well this month:

• Gold gained AUD 14k and Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX), 9k.
  

What really didn't work: 

• Regal Funds (RF1.AX) lost AUD 12k followed by Hearts and Minds (HM1.AX) and Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX), which each lost 10k.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The MSCI is reported in USD terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 and the MSCI but not against the hedge fund index. We have a higher Sharpe Index than the ASX200 but lower than the MSCI in USD terms. We are performing about 2.5% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.7 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recently.

We are now very close to our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition, we made the following investment moves this month:

• I bought 1,000 shares of PMGOLD.AX.
• I tried to do a trade with around 12k shares of Regal Funds (RF1.AX). It wasn't successful.
• I closed a tiny position of WLS.AX shares pending the merger of WLS into WCMQ.AX.
• The remainder of our WLS shares will convert to WCMQ and our URFPA shares will convert to URF at the turn of the year.
  

November 2022 Report

In November, stock markets continued their rebound and the Australian Dollar rose strongly increasing US Dollar returns relative to Australian Dollar returns. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) rose 7.80%, the S&P 500 5.59% in USD terms, and the ASX 200 6.78% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6387 to USD 0.6744. We gained 3.05% in Australian Dollar terms or 8.81% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio is expected to gain 1.23% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index around 1.0% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed all benchmarks apart from the ASX. 

Our SMSF hit a new high in terms of cumulative returns, exceeding the previous high in September 2021. It is now up more than 15% since inception and well ahead of our employer superannuation funds:

 

These are all in pre-tax terms - franking credits are included but no tax deducted. This will be a bit over-generous to the employer superannuation funds on the way up and the opposite on the way down. The increase in my US retirement account (TIAA) is to a large extent because of the fall in the Australian Dollar. It fell this month as the Australian Dollar rose. But the TIAA Real Estate Fund also performed extremely well over this period until recently.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class: 

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Only futures had a negative return. RoW stocks were the best performer partly because of the rebound in the China Fund and hedge funds were the largest contributors to the month's return.

Things that worked well this month:

• Tribeca Global Resources was again the top performer in terms of dollars gained (TGF.AX, AUD 25k). Coming in second and third were the China Fund (CHN, 18k) and Australian Dollar Futures (17k). Also gaining more than AUD 10k were 3i (III.L, 17k), Unisuper (16k), PSS(AP) (12k) Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L, 12k), and gold (10k). With the exception of the China Fund and AUD futures, this is very similar to last month.
  

What really didn't work:

• Winton Global Alpha Fund (-12k), Aspect Diversified Futures (-6k), and WAM Alternatives (WMA.AX, -4k) were the greatest detractors.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are:

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The MSCI is reported in USD terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 and the MSCI but not against the hedge fund index. We have a higher Sharpe Index than the ASX200 but lower than the MSCI in USD terms. We are performing more than 3% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.79 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recent years.

We are now very close to our target allocation as Regal Funds diversifies its holdings. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition, we made the following investment moves this month:

• I sold 5000 shares of WAM Leaders (WLE.AX) and bought 1000 shares of the China Fund (CHN).
• I sold USD 17.5k of the TIAA Real Estate Fund and bought the Social Choice Fund instead.
• I bought 4000 shares of Regal Partners (RPL.AX).
• I sold the 2000 shares I held in Fortescue Metals (FMG.AX). We made about AUD 4k on this trade.
• I sold 10k shares of Regal Funds (RF1.AX) and bought 500 shares of URFPA.AX - the US Masters Residential Fund converting preference notes.
• I sold 1,000 shares of Ruffer (RICA.L) to get money for our next subscription payment for Unpopular Ventures.
  

October 2022 Report

In October, stock markets rebounded and the Australian Dollar ended close to flat. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) rose 6.06%, the S&P 500 8.10% in USD terms, and the ASX 200 6.06% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6399 to USD 0.6387. We gained 2.85% in Australian Dollar terms or 2.66% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio gained 3.07% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index is expected to be almost flat at 0.08% in US Dollar terms. So, we under-performed all benchmarks apart from HFRI, though we were not far from the target portfolio.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class: 

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Only rest of the world stocks had a negative return, which was because of the poor performance of China. US stocks were the best performer and hedge funds the largest contributors to the month's return.

Things that worked well this month:

• Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX, AUD 18k), Unisuper (15k), Pershing Square Holdings (PSH.L, 12k), and PSS(AP) (10k) were the largest contributors.
  

What really didn't work:

• The China Fund (CHN, -9k) and Fortescue (FMG.AX, -4k) were the greatest detractors.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 but not against the hedge fund index nor the MSCI. We have a higher Sharpe Index than the ASX200. We are performing more than 3% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.76 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recent years.

We moved towards our target allocation mainly by reducing exposure to hedge funds and gold. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition, we made the following investment moves this month:

• We received the payout from the sale of Gargantua.
• I sold 5k shares of Cadence Capital (CDM.AX) to get some cash.
• I sold 11k shares of Regal Funds (RF1.AX) that I bought in September.
• I sold 1000 shares of PMGOLD (PMGOLD.AX) as the Australian Dollar gold price peaked a little. I'm now feeling that we are at a much more comfortable debt level in our margin accounts given the rise in interest rates and volatility.
  

September 2022 Report

In September the stock markets again fell sharply and the US Dollar rose. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) lost 9.53%, the S&P 500 9.21% in USD terms, and the ASX 200 6.14% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6855 to USD 0.6399 and even fell against the Pound. We lost 1.74% in Australian Dollar terms or 8.28% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio lost 1.28% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index lost 2.27% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed the stock market indices but not these alternative benchmarks.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class: 

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Only gold had a positive return and that was only because of the fall in the Australian Dollar - we hold our gold mostly in the ASX listed PMGOLD ETF. The Australian Dollar was the biggest  positive contributor to performance measured in Australian Dollars and hedge funds were the biggest detractor, though Rest of World Stocks had the worst rate of return.

Things that worked well this month:

• After gold (AUD 13k), Regal Funds (RF1.AX) gained 10k, Winton Global Alpha 9k, and Aura VF2 8k.
  

What really didn't work:

• Tribeca Global Resources lost AUD 28k, followed by Australian Dollar Futures lost 21k, and Unisuper at-17k.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 but not against the hedge fund index nor the MSCI. Compared to the ASX200, our rate of return has been almost the same, but our volatility has been almost 5% lower. We are performing almost 4% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.76 times. Hedge funds have been doing well in recent years.

We moved towards our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

 

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition we made the following investment moves this month:

• I sold my holding of 10k Pendal shares (PDL.AX). Perpetual, which is taking over Pendal seems to continue to sink in price since the merger was announced.
• I participated in the Regal Investment Partners (RPL.AX) rights issue.
  
• I did some trading of Regal Funds (RF1.AX). It is tending to fluctuate around the NAV.
  
• I shifted another AUD 25k from Aspect Diversified Futures Wholesale to First Sentier Developing Companies on the Colonial First State platform and then sold and withdrew the rest of our holding to reduce debt.
• I sold 20k Cadence (CDM.AX) shares to increase cash in our SMSF brokerage account.
  
• I did a quick Australian Dollar Futures trade, which didn't work out well.
  

Heading for a Fall in Net Worth

 This is why I have been concerned about saving money recently:

I'm currently forecasting that this year comprehensive after-tax income (including superannuation and unrealized capital gains/losses) will be less than spending. This would be the first decline in end of year net worth (not counting our house) since the financial crisis.

 

Not Renewing Wholesale Investor Status

I got a message from Interactive Brokers that I needed to renew my wholesale investor status as two years had passed since I submitted an accountant's certificate. They currently only allow retail investors to borrow a maximum of AUD 50k in margin loans. The accountant agreed to do it again and I sent her all the relevant material to prove my net worth was more than AUD 2.5 million that took me 2-3 hours to put together. I came up with a number of AUD 3.7 million – the test is done on an individual not family basis – and so thought it would be easy. But now she has come back and said she can't include any superannuation in the number! So she estimates my net worth for the purpose of the test is AUD 2.4 million. She suggested I get a professional valuation of my house to prove the higher number I suggested for it (AUD 1.25 million).

It doesn't make any sense to me that an SMSF would be excluded but home equity included.

Anyway, I looked carefully at my Interactive Brokers account. Currently, I could borrow a maximum of AUD 96k. The saving in interest per year for the amount above 50k compared to CommSec is about AUD 5k. But I am unlikely to borrow that much, as I don't want to get a margin call if things go pear-shaped. So, I've decided not to do the property valuation, because it might come in lower and I still wouldn't qualify. I will wait till when I actually want to borrow more or make a new venture capital investment in Australia and I am closer to qualifying. 

Of course, it is much easier to qualify as an accredited investor under US rules. Moominmama qualified in order to participate in AngelList even though her net worth including super is definitely under AUD 2.5 million.

August 2022 Report

August was a mixed month. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) lost by 3.64% and the S&P 500 lost 4.08% in USD terms, but the ASX 200 gained 1.43% in AUD terms. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.6968 to USD 0.6855 but it rose against the Pound from one Pound buying AUD 1.7430 to AUD 1.6958. We gained 0.25% in Australian Dollar terms but lost 1.38% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio lost 0.71% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index rose 0.50% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed three benchmarks and under-performed two.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class: 

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have added in the contributions of leverage and other costs and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Hedge funds were the biggest contributor to performance followed by futures, which had the strongest return. US stocks were the worst performer followed by gold and rest of the world stocks.

Things that worked well this month:

• Pershing Square Holdings was the best performer (AUD 11k) followed by Aspect Diversified Futures (10k) and Winton Global Alpha (8k).
  

What really didn't work:

• Australian Dollar Futures lost AUD 7k.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. The final three rows report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 but not against the hedge fund index nor the MSCI. Compared to the ASX200, our rate of return has only been 0.6% lower, but our volatility has been 5% lower. We are performing 2% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.7 times.

We moved a bit away from our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

About 70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition we made the following investment moves this month:

• I bought AUD 75k of units in the Aspect Diversified Futures Fund (Class A). This cash came from the redemption of Pershing Square Tontine Holdings. 
• I sold AUD 25k of the First Choice Wholesale version of this fund and bought units of First Sentier Developing Companies instead.
  
• I switched about USD 17k from the TIAA Real Estate Fund to the TIAA Social Choice Fund (a balanced fund).
• I traded 10k shares of Regal Funds (RF1.AX) a couple of times.
  
• I invested USD 2.5k in a start-up offered by the Unpopular Ventures syndicate. 
• I sold 12.5k shares of WAM Leaders (WLE.AX) to fund venture capital investments.
• I sold 3k shares of Ruffer Investment Company (RICA.L) for the same purpose. 
• We received the payout from the sale of Lured.
  

History of Franking Credits

This year's tax returns include large amounts of franking credits connected to Australian dividends. I almost managed to wipe out Moominmama's tax bill with them. The franking credits are added to income and then deducted from the tax bill. As the corporate tax rate for large companies is 30%, if you are in the 34.5% marginal tax bracket (including the Medicare Levy) like she is, it would seem that franked dividends will slightly increase your tax bill. Say you got a $1,000 dividend including the franking credit. Your tax on the dividend as a whole is $345 and you deduct the $300 franking credit from that, paying $45 in tax on the dividend. The magic of franking credits is that if you have investment deductions like margin interest, you will end up with surplus credits. Let's say you have $500 in margin interest in this example. Then your tax on the net $500 in income is $172.50. After deducting the franking credit from this, you have $127.50 in tax credits, which you can apply against the tax on your salary etc. 

Foreign source income tax offsets work in a similar way. These are tax paid to foreign governments on dividends etc. Finally, there are also Early Stage Venture Capital Limited Partnership tax offsets. If you invest in an ESVCLP you can get a credit worth up to 10% of your investment. This totally offsets tax on other income even without any deductions!

Over time, the amount of franking credits and foreign source income tax offsets we have received has increased, as you would expect, though this year's credits are off the scale:

This doesn't include any tax credits received by our SMSF or any other superannuation fund for that matter.

Moominmama's 2021-22 Taxes

I also did Moominmama's taxes for this financial year. The post about last year's taxes is here. Here is a summary of her tax return for this year:

Her salary was up steeply this year, as last year large superannuation contributions were deducted from it. This year, we redirected those to our new SMSF. Australian dividends were up dramatically as I tried to get more investments in her name. Gross income fell by 15% though because of reduced capital gains.

Total deductions rose by 66%, mainly because of the $20k in contributions to the SMSF. As a result, net income fell 32% mainly I think because of the reduced capital gains this year. 

Gross tax applies the tax bracket rates to taxable income. Most of this nominal tax was eliminated by the 208% increase in franking credits. As a result, she should be assessed for only $1.4k in tax. As this is much less than the tax withheld from her salary, I expect she will get a refund of around $4k.

Superannuation Performance Update

 

I just calculated the return on my TIAA-CREF 403b in Australian Dollar terms to compare to our Australian superannuation funds. While the SMSF has done a lot better than Unisuper and PSS(AP) since inception, TIAA has really shone. This is mainly due to our investment in the TIAA Real Estate Fund and partly due to the fall in the Australian Dollar. Now, I am wondering whether to switch out of that fund.

Pre-tax returns for the 2021-22 financial year were: SMSF 2.6%, Unisuper -5.0%, PSS(AP) -2.9%, TIAA-CREF 28.5%. I am very generous in estimating the tax paid by Unisuper and PSS(AP). This boosts estimated pre-tax returns on the way up a little but detracts a bit on the way down.

June 2022 Report

With the final private asset valuations complete, I am ready to present the June accounts. I needn't have waited, as the share price of Aura VF1 only rose by one cent and Aura VF2's share price was constant.

World markets fell sharply with the MSCI World Index (USD gross) falling by 8.39% and the S&P 500 by 8.25%. The ASX 200 fell 7.72%. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar fell from USD 0.7177 to USD 0.6900 increasing Australian Dollar returns and reducing USD returns. We lost 5.82% in Australian Dollar terms or 9.46% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio lost 2.42% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index lost 3.08% in US Dollar terms. So, we under-performed all benchmarks apart from the ASX.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class (currency neutral returns in terms of gross assets): 

Hedge funds were the worst drag on performance followed by leverage. Only gold and the Australian Dollar contributed positive returns. The total benefit of the fall in the Australian Dollar was greater as many foreign assets are denominated in Australian Dollars. This includes gold which we invest in through an Australian ETF PMGOLD.AX.

Things that worked well this month:

• Gold was the top performer (AUD 13k) followed by the China Fund (CHN) (9k), Winton Global Alpha (5k), and Aspect Diversified Futures (4k).
  

What really didn't work:

• Tribeca Global Resources (TGF.AX) lost an incredible AUD 86k :(. Regal Funds followed with -36k and PSSAP rounded out the bottom three with -18k.
  

We moved a bit nearer to our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition we made the following investment moves this month:

• I bought 5,000 shares of Regal Partners (RPL.AX). So far, this looks like a mistake.
• I bought 20,000 shares of Pengana Private Equity (PE1.AX).
• I bought 2,000 shares of Regal Funds (RF1.AX).
  
• I sold 2,000 shares of PMGOLD.AX, a gold ETF. I'm beginning to feel over-stretched. This move reduced our leverage a bit and reduced our most expensive debt (CommSec margin loan). It also pushed our gold allocation back to 10% of gross assets.
• I sold a net 988 shares of WAR. I moved the rest of the position from one account to another to avoid a margin call.
  

July 2022 Report

July was a reversal of June. The S&P500 gained more than it lost in the previous month and gold fell more than it rose in the previous month. Investors seem to think that the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by less than originally expected. The MSCI World Index (USD gross) rose by 7.02%, the S&P 500 by 9.22%, and the ASX 200 by 5.77%. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.6900 to USD 0.6968 increasing Australian Dollar returns and reducing USD returns. We gained 4.11% in Australian Dollar terms or 5.13% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio gained 3.75% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index was up only 1.65% in US Dollar terms. So, we out-performed the latter two benchmarks but under-performed the stock indices. The AUD return for the month is more than what would be expected historically given the ASX 200 performance for the month.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class:

The asset class returns are in currency neutral returns as the rate of return on gross assets. I have for the first time added in the contributions of leverage and the Australian Dollar to the AUD net worth return.

Hedge funds were the biggest contributor to performance while Australian small cap had the best return. Gold was the worst performer and a significant detractor. Rest of the World stocks had a relatively poor performance because of our weighting to the China Fund.

Things that worked well this month:

• Regal Funds was the best performer (AUD 25k) followed by Pershing Square Holdings (18k), Tribeca Global Resources (18k), and another seven investments that gained more than AUD 10k.
  

What really didn't work:

• Gold was the worst performer (-24k) followed by the China Fund (-9k) and Winton Global Alpha (-5k). Only six investments lost money while 29 gained.
  

The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first three rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. This month, I have added another three rows to report the performance of the three indices themselves. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 but not against the hedge fund index and not really against the MSCI. Compared to the ASX200 our rate of return has only been 0.6% lower but our volatility has been 5% lower.

We are performing 2% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.7 times. I'm not sure why this alpha has deteriorated sharply recently. July 2017, which was dropped from the estimation this month, was a good month for hedge funds but both June and July 2017 were particularly good months for us in USD terms as the Australian Dollar rose sharply.

We moved a bit away from our target allocation. This was mainly because of the redemption of Pershing Square Tontine Holdings that reduced our private equity allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think.

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. We are now contributing USD 10k each quarter to Unpopular Ventures Rolling Fund and less frequently there will be capital calls from Aura Venture Fund II. In addition we made the following investment moves this month:

• I sold 4,000 shares of WAM Leaders to get some cash. 
• I made an AUD 20k concessional superannuation contribution for Moominmama. 
• We combined these to start an account at Colonial First State for the SMSF investing in Aspect Diversified Futures with an initial AUD 25k (the minimum investment for Class A shares).
• As mentioned above, PSTH returned the cash to shareholders. There is a placeholder position still in our account which might turn into SPAR warrants at some point.
• I bought a net AUD 75k, mainly with the US Dollars from PSTH.
  
• I invested around AUD 10k in 64 Devonshire Road, Rossmore, NSW.
• I bought 1,250 PMGOLD shares (12.5 ounces of gold).
• I bought 3,000 more shares in Pendal (PDL.AX), when it was announced that merger talks were back on.
  

Division 293 Humblebrag

It looks like I will have to pay Division 293 superannuation contributions tax for the first time. This is an extra 15% tax on superannuation contributions that you have to pay if your income including concessional super contributions is above AUD 250k. My preliminary estimate of my taxable income is already above AUD 250k. So, for sure the total including around 30k of super contributions will be even if the final income number is a little lower. This is probably going to mean an extra AUD 4,500 of tax. 

I'm also currently estimating I'll owe more than AUD 13k in extra tax after paying AUD 6k in tax installments. Last year I got a tax refund because of the Virgin Australia debacle. Bond losses can be deducted immediately from your income unlike losses on shares. The tax installments were because the previous year's tax return...

I'm reluctant to stuff more money into super as non-concessional contributions to reduce tax in case we'll need it. For example, to buy a bigger or better located house. If I continue to work, we can't withdraw the money from my account till I'm 65 in 8 years time. And much longer in Moominmama's case. That liquidity costs in taxes. 

In the last couple of years we made large non-concessional contributions. I also have illiquid investments in venture capital and art. Our liquid investments are 46% of gross assets not including our house. I doubt I can get a bigger mortgage given my age and Moominmama's low wage income.

Spending 2021-22

For the last five years I've been putting together reports on our spending over the Australian financial year, which runs from 1 July to 30 June. This makes it easy to do a break down of gross income including taxes that's comparable to many you'll see online, though all our numbers are in Australian Dollars. At the top level we can break down total income (as reported in our tax returns plus superannuation contributions):

The gross income for this year (bottom line) is just an estimate. It looks like falling quite significantly. Tax includes local property tax as well as income tax and tax on superannuation contributions. Investing costs include margin interest. Mortgage interest is included in spending, while mortgage principal payments are considered as saving. Spending also includes the insurance premia paid through our superannuation. Current saving is then what is left over. This is much bigger than saving out of salaries because gross income includes investment returns reported in our tax returns. The latter number depends on capital gains reported for tax purposes, so is fairly arbitrary. Spending also recommenced its increase this year. Graphically, it looks like this:

We break down spending into quite detailed categories. Some of these are then aggregated up into broader categories:

Our biggest spending category, if we don't count tax, is now childcare and education, which has again risen steeply. As mentioned above, the income and tax numbers are all estimates. Commentary on each category follows:

Employer superannuation contributions: These include employer contributions and salary sacrificed contributions but not concessional contributions we paid to the SMSF this year.

Superannuation contributions tax: The 15% tax on concessional superannuation contributions. This year it includes tax on our concessional contributions to the SMSF.

Franking credits: Income reported on our tax returns includes franking credits (tax paid by companies we invest in). We need to deduct this money which we don't receive as cash but is included in gross income. Foreign tax paid is the same story.

Life and disability insurance: I have been trying to bring this under control and the amount paid has fallen as a result.

Health: Includes health insurance and direct spending. Spending peaked with the birth of our second child and continues to decline.

Housing: Includes mortgage interest, maintenance, and body corporate fees (condo association). We haven't spent much on maintenance this year, so spending is down.

Transport: About 2/3 is spending on our car and 1/3 my spending on Uber, e-scooters, buses etc.

Utilities: This includes spending on online subscriptions etc as well as more conventional utilities. I need to cut back on spending on video games as this category continued to climb strongly.

Supermarkets: Includes convenience stores, liquor stores etc as well as supermarkets. Seems crazy that it has almost doubled in five years and become our second biggest spending category.

Restaurants: This was low in 2017-18 because we spent a lot of cash at restaurants. It was low last year because of the pandemic and this year because of a seeming permanent behavior change.

Cash spending: This has collapsed to zero. I mainly use cash to pay Moomin pocket money and he pays me back if we buy stuff online for him. That's how it ended up negative for the year. Moominmama also gets some cash out at supermarkets that is included in that category.

Department stores: All other stores selling goods that aren't supermarkets. No real trend here.

Mail order: This seems to have leveled out in the last three years/

Childcare and education: We are paying for private school for one child, full time daycare for the other, plus music classes, swimming classes...

Travel: This includes flights, hotels etc. It was very high in 2017-18 when we went to Europe and Japan. Last year it was down to zero due to the pandemic and having a small child. This year we went to the nearby coast for a week and this is mostly how much the accommodation, booked at the last minute, cost.

Charity: Not sure why it's down this year.

Other: This is mostly other services. It includes everything from haircuts to professional photography.

This year's increased spending was mainly driven by increased childcare and education costs. I expect these to be about the same next year and then fall for a while in subsequent years - private primary school is cheaper than daycare with the low level of subsidy we get - before beginning to rise again.

May 2022 Report

World markets stabilized with the MSCI World Index (USD gross) rising by 0.19% and the S&P 500 by 0.18%. On the other hand, the ASX 200 fell 2.43%. All these are total returns including dividends. The Australian Dollar rose from USD 0.7114 to USD 0.7177 increasing Australian Dollar returns and reducing USD returns. Our luck ended this month, and we lost 3.10% in Australian Dollar terms or 2.24% in US Dollar terms. The target portfolio lost 1.05% in Australian Dollar terms and the HFRI hedge fund index is expected to gain 0.21% in US Dollar terms. So, we under-performed all benchmarks.

Here is a report on the performance of investments by asset class (currency neutral returns in terms of gross assets): 

Hedge funds were the worst drag on performance followed by gold. Only futures and real assets had positive returns.

Things that worked well this month:

• TIAA Real Estate (AUD 4k), Australian Dollar Futures (4k), and URF  (also 4k) were the best performers.
  

What really didn't work:

• Tribeca Global Resources (- AUD 25k), gold (-19k), and Pershing Square Holdings (-18k) were the three worst performers...
  

 The investment performance statistics for the last five years are: 

The first two rows are our unadjusted performance numbers in US and Australian dollar terms. The following four lines compare performance against each of the three indices over the last 60 months. We show the desired asymmetric capture and positive alpha against the ASX200 and the MSCI but not against the hedge fund index. We are performing 1% per annum worse than the average hedge fund levered 1.67 times.

We moved a little bit nearer to our target allocation. Our actual allocation currently looks like this:

 

70% of our portfolio is in what are often considered to be alternative assets: real estate, art, hedge funds, private equity, gold, and futures. A lot of these are listed investments or investments with daily, monthly, or quarterly liquidity, so our portfolio is not as illiquid as you might think. On the other hand, around 47% of net worth (not including our house) are now in retirement accounts. Liquid investments are 57% of net worth and illiquid non-retirement investments are 13% of net worth. Because of leverage, the total is 117%. 

We receive employer contributions to superannuation every two weeks. In addition we made the following investment moves this month. It was a busy month.

• I bought 1,000 shares of 3i (III.L) after its share price fell in sympathy with US retailers like Target and Costco. I figured that the problems those faced probably weren't that similar to those faced by Action – 3i's European discount retailer. 3i also posted very good results recently.
• I sold all our shares in URF at 27 cents a share.
• I made additional investments in APSEC and the Australian Unity Diversified Property Fund.
• We made a small investment in a start-up via Unpopular Ventures syndicate.
• There were a lot of small trades involved with forex, tax loss harvesting, moving positions between accounts etc...